The abundance and diversity of grasshopper communities in relation to elevation and land use in Malang, Indonesia

Abstract. Leksono AS, Yanuwiadi B, Afandhi A, Farhan M, Zairina A. 2020. The abundance and diversity of grasshopper communities in relation to elevation and land use in Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5614-5620. Ecological factors include interactions of the community members with numerous biotic and abiotic factors such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, light intensity, and seasonality show an altitudinal gradient. Most grasshopper species play a role as herbivores and are a good source of protein for other animals such as amphibians, small reptiles, birds, and small mammals. This study aimed to analyze variations in the abundance, richness, and diversity of grasshopper species along an altitudinal gradient. This research was conducted in five locations in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia, namely Bantur, Sumber Pujung Lawang, Pujon, and Poncokusumo. Grasshopper sampling was carried out by the sweeping method using an insect net. Sweepings were carried out on four plots with each plot size of 2 x 10 m2. Sampling was conducted four times from June to August 2020. The data were analyzed using the Shannon Wiener index (diversity analysis) and the Bray-Curtis index. The differences between locations were tested by one-way analysis of variance. Land use was analyzed by ArcGIS, using Landsat imagery 8. The abundance of grasshoppers had a significant negative correlation with elevation. That correlation was positive to species richness and diversity of grasshoppers. That with species diversity was significant, while that with species richness was not significant. The greatest abundance of the grasshopper was found in the middle elevation in Lawang (19.39 ± 2.12). In contrast, the highest species richness and diversity were found in the highest elevation in Poncokusumo (richness = 15.75 ± 1.60 and H '= 2.58 ± 0.11). Land use variation was not significant on abundance, species, richness, and diversity of grasshoppers. Interestingly, the high similarity of the grasshopper compositions in low elevation habitats was detected, indicating that land use in the low land area was remarkable. The abundance of grasshopper had a significant positive correlation with temperature but negatively correlated with humidity. There was no significant correlation among species richness, species diversity with temperature and humidity.

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Relationships between Plant Diversity and Grasshopper Diversity and Abundance in the Little Missouri National Grassland

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2011/748635 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David H. Branson

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Diversity ◽

Plant Species Richness ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Grasshopper Species ◽

Species Richness And Diversity ◽

Western North Dakota ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Species Richness And Abundance

A continuing challenge in orthopteran ecology is to understand what determines grasshopper species diversity at a given site. In this study, the objective was to determine if variation in grasshopper abundance and diversity between 23 sites in western North Dakota (USA) could be explained by variation in plant species richness and diversity. In this system with relatively low plant diversity, grasshopper species richness and abundance were not significantly associated with plant species richness in either year. Although a number of significant associations between plant diversity and grasshopper diversity were found through regression analyses, results differed greatly between years indicating that plant species richness and diversity did not lead to strong effects on grasshopper diversity metrics. Plant species richness appears to be too coarse grained to lead to accurate predictions of grasshopper species richness in this system dominated by generalist grasshopper species.

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Impacts of Prescribed Fire, Glyphosate, and Seeding on Cogongrass, Species Richness, and Species Diversity in Longleaf Pine

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00007.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 536-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stephen F. Enloe ◽

Nancy J. Loewenstein ◽

David W. Held ◽

Lori Eckhardt ◽

Dwight K. Lauer

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Prescribed Fire ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Pine Forests ◽

Herbaceous Species ◽

Integrated Strategies ◽

Species Richness And Diversity ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Rhizome Biomass

AbstractCogongrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.] is a warm-season, rhizomatous grass native to southeast Asia that has invaded thousands of hectares in the southeastern United States. Its negative impacts on pine forests have been well documented, and aggressive control is widely recommended. Although repeated herbicide treatments are effective for suppression, integrated strategies of prescribed burning coupled with herbicide treatment and revegetation are lacking in pine systems. In particular, longleaf pine forests, which are typically open, fire-dependent, communities, are highly susceptible to cogongrass, which is a pyrogenic species. To address management goals for cogongrass control and herbaceous restoration in longleaf pine forests better, field studies were conducted in southwestern Alabama from 2010 to 2012. Two longleaf pine forests with near-monotypic stands of cogongrass in the understory were selected for study. Treatments included combinations of winter prescribed fire, spring and fall glyphosate herbicide treatments, and seeding a mix of native, herbaceous species. Data were collected for three growing seasons following study initiation, and included seasonal herbaceous species cover and final cogongrass shoot and rhizome biomass. Species richness and diversity were calculated and analyzed to ascertain treatment effects over the duration of the study. Burning slightly improved cogongrass control with glyphosate, but had no effect on total cover, species richness, or species diversity. Three glyphosate treatments reduced total vegetative cover and nearly eliminated cogongrass cover, shoot, and rhizome biomass. Glyphosate and glyphosate + seeding also increased herbaceous species richness and diversity. However, aboveground productivity in treated plots was significantly lower than productivity in the untreated control, which was almost exclusively cogongrass. These studies indicate that glyphosate and integrated strategies utilizing glyphosate and seeding are very useful for cogongrass management and increasing herbaceous species richness and diversity in longleaf pine.

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Baseline Assessments of Wildlife Biodiversity Within Selected Areas of Central Visayas, Philippines

Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management ◽

10.3329/jbcbm.v6i2.55244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

RP Jose ◽

WA Aureo ◽

CI Narido ◽

TD Reyes Jr ◽

MB Sarnowski

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Population Trends ◽

Species Richness And Diversity ◽

Natural Park ◽

Biodiversity Inventories ◽

Baseline Information ◽

High Diversity ◽

Areas Of Protection

A comprehensive inventory of faunal biodiversity was conducted within three Key Biodiversity Areas of Central Visayas. Mt. Bandilaan Natural Park (MBNP), Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park (BTLNP), and Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape (RSPL). Three primary wildlife groups were surveyed: bats, birds and amphibians. Species diversity and population trends were then analyzed to assess areas of biodiversity importance. RSPL generally had the highest species richness and diversity index while MBNP consistently had the lowest. When pooled. The surveyed areas resulted in a high diversity index and rate of endemicity showing the importance of multiple areas of protection. These findings can be utilized to prioritize habitat protection as well as to serve as a baseline information for future biodiversity inventories. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(2): 27-34

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Contrasting the Effect of Forest Landscape Condition to the Resilience of Species Diversity in a Human Modified Landscape: Implications for the Conservation of Tree Species

Land ◽

10.3390/land9010004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mulugheta Ghebreslassie Araia ◽

Paxie Wanangwa Chirwa ◽

Eméline Sêssi Pélagie Assédé

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Forest Landscape ◽

Leading Change ◽

Forest Reserve ◽

Local Species Richness ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Local Species

Using landscape moderation insurance and Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) as frameworks, this study assessed the response of local assemblage among different land use regimes (mean β-diversity), using the Jaccard dissimilarity matrix in contrasting Human Modified Forest Landscapes (HMFLs). The study was conducted at the relatively simplified Mafhela Forest Reserve and the complex Thathe Vondo Forest Reserve in South Africa. The patterns of overall β-diversity between HMFL and State-protected Indigenous Forests (SIF) were compared and the leading change drivers were then untangled. This study found that human disturbance affects mean β-diversity of local assemblages among land use regimes between the two HMFLs in an ecologically contrasting manner. The HMFL in Mafhela Forest Reserve had distinct local assemblages among land use regimes and did not conform to the expectation of IDH. On average, HMFL had the same average local species richness as SIF, mainly due to change in species composition (species replacement) induced by land use disturbance. Land use intensity gradient was the leading change driver to explain the overall β-diversity of the Mafhela Forest Reserve. The findings in the Thathe Vondo Forest Reserve were in contrast with the Mafhela Forest Reserve. Although on average the HMFL had the same local species richness as SIFs, this was mainly due to a trade-off of species gain in trees along the rivers and streams and species loss in Culturally Protected Areas (sacred forests) (CPA) as expected by IDH. The contrasting findings imply that the effectiveness of any alternative conservation strategy is context-dependent. The resilience of local assemblages and conservation value of HMFL depends on the condition of the overall forest landscape complexity and cannnot be captured by one theory, nor by one species diversity matrix (e.g., β-diversity or Richness). It thus demands the application of complementary theoretical frameworks and multilevel modeling.

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Plant community diversity and composition provide little resistance to Juniperus encroachment

Botany ◽

10.1139/b08-110 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 86 (12) ◽

pp. 1416-1426 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Amy C. Ganguli ◽

David M. Engle ◽

Paul M. Mayer ◽

Eric C. Hellgren

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Plant Species ◽

Plant Community ◽

Tallgrass Prairie ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Oak Forest ◽

Old Field

Widespread encroachment of the fire-intolerant species Juniperus virginiana L. into North American grasslands and savannahs where fire has largely been removed has prompted the need to identify mechanisms driving J. virginiana encroachment. We tested whether encroachment success of J. virginiana is related to plant species diversity and composition across three plant communities. We predicted J. virginiana encroachment success would (i) decrease with increasing diversity, and (ii) J. virginiana encroachment success would be unrelated to species composition. We simulated encroachment by planting J. virginiana seedlings in tallgrass prairie, old-field grassland, and upland oak forest. We used J. virginiana survival and growth as an index of encroachment success and evaluated success as a function of plant community traits (i.e., species richness, species diversity, and species composition). Our results indicated that J. virginiana encroachment success increased with increasing plant richness and diversity. Moreover, growth and survival of J. virginiana seedlings was associated with plant species composition only in the old-field grassland and upland oak forest. These results suggest that greater plant species richness and diversity provide little resistance to J. virginiana encroachment, and the results suggest resource availability and other biotic or abiotic factors are determinants of J. virginiana encroachment success.

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STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN TARGET DI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU HOGOW DAN PUTUS-PUTUS SULAWESI UTARA

JURNAL PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jpkt.7.2.2011.179 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Unstain NWJ Rembet ◽

Mennofatria Boer ◽

Dietriech G Bengen ◽

Achmad Fahrudin

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Species Richness ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Controlling Factors ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

Species Evenness ◽

Target Fish ◽

Abundance And Diversity

ABSTRACTCommunity structure of target fishes was analyzed to understand their response to different conditions of coral reefs in several places of Hugow and Putus-Putus islands. This study focused on species abundance and diversity including Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity (H’), species richness (SR), species evenness (J’) and dominance (d) indices, respectively. A multivariate analysis was used for the classification or correspondence factorial analyses. The result recorded 4,501 individuals belonging to 52 species of target fishes. Both cluster and correspondence analyses clearly recognized 3 groups of target fish with 2 major controlling factors for the development of these 3 ecological groups, i.e. coral reef conditions and geographic position to the hydrodynamic condition.ABSTRAKStruktur komunitas ikan target dianalisis untuk melihat respon ikan target terhadap perbedaan kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi Pulau Hogow dan Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 dengan pengambilan data di 6 stasiun. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikaji variabel komunitas seperti kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies termasuk indeks keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks kekayaan spesies (SR), indeks kemerataan spesies (J’) dan indeks dominasi (d). Untuk melihat assemblage ikan target dilakukan analisis multivariat baik analisis klasifikasi maupun analisis faktorial koresponden. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 4501 indidu yang termasuk dalam 52 spesies ikan target. Analisis multivariat baik analisis cluster maupun analisis koresponden telah memisahkan dengan jelas 3 grup ikan target, dimana terdapat dua faktor utama pengendali pembentukan 3 grup ekologis ini yakni faktor kondisi terumbu karang dan faktor posisi lokasi terhadap kondisi hidrodinamika perairan.

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Spatial and temporal variation in small mammal abundance and diversity under protection, pastoralism and agriculture in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania

10.1101/727206 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Monica T. Shilereyo ◽

Flora J. Magige ◽

Joseph O. Ogutu ◽

Eivin Røskaft

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Species Richness ◽

Small Mammal ◽

Protected Area ◽

Habitat Heterogeneity ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Wet Season ◽

Serengeti Ecosystem ◽

Species Richness And Diversity

AbstractLand use is an important factor influencing animal abundance, species richness and diversity in both protected and human-dominated landscapes. Increase in human population and activities intensify changes in habitat structure and hence abundance, species richness and diversity. We investigated the influences of land use and seasonality on small mammal abundance, species richness and diversity in 10 habitat types distributed over protected, agricultural and pastoral landscapes in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania. We used live traps (n = 141) and capture-recapture methods in each of 10 fixed plots distributed across three landscapes for a total of 28,200 trap nights of effort. Trapping was carried out in the wet and dry seasons for two consecutive years (April 2017 to October 2018). Small mammal abundance was higher in the pastoral than in the protected and in the agricultural landscape. Abundance was higher in the dry than the wet season across all the three landscapes. Species richness and diversity were higher in the protected, middling in the agricultural and lowest in the pastoral landscape. The high abundance in the pastoral landscape was due to the numerical dominance of two species, namely A. niloticus in the shrubland and M. natalensis in the cropland habitat, resulting in low species richness and diversity. Abundance was more evenly distributed across all habitats in the protected area due to less disturbance. The low abundance in the agricultural landscape, likely reflects disturbance from cultivation. High species richness and diversity in the protected area indicate high habitat heterogeneity while high species diversity in the agricultural landscape was likely due to high food availability during and soon after harvests. These findings emphasize the importance of protection in maintaining habitat heterogeneity for wildlife. They also reaffirm the need for buffer zones around protected areas to cushion them from intensifying human activities.

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The helminth community of the skink Chalcides sexlineatus from Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x11000344 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 237-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Roca ◽

M.A. Carretero ◽

F. Jorge ◽

A. Perera ◽

A. Ferrero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Canary Islands ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Helminth Community ◽

Gran Canaria ◽

Species Richness And Diversity ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽

Helminth Communities

AbstractA survey of the gastrointestinal helminth communities of a population of Chalcides sexlineatus Steindachner, a small skink endemic to Gran Canaria island (Canary Archipelago, Spain), was conducted to determine the prevalence, abundance and species diversity of intestinal parasites in these reptiles. Only three parasite species were found, one cestode, Oochoristica agamae Baylis, 1919 and two nematodes, Parapharyngodon micipsae (Seurat, 1917) and Pharyngodonidae gen. sp. Helminth infracommunities of C. sexlineatus showed low values of abundance and species richness and diversity, being more similar to the helminth community of Tarentola boettgeri boettgeri (Steindachner) rather than those of Gallotia stehlini (Schenkel), both syntopic with the sampled host.

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Abundance and diversity of aquatic insects in two water bodies of Chittagong university campus

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v42i1.23333 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 19-33

Author(s):

Munira Nasiruddin ◽

Mohammad Ali Azadi ◽

Md Selim Reza

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Aquatic Insects ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Species Evenness ◽

University Campus ◽

Abundance And Diversity

Abundance and diversity of aquatic insects was studied in two water bodies, (a pond and a lake) of Chittagong University campus during October 2009 to September 2010. A total of 4406 insects belonging to 32 genera, under 20 families and 6 orders were recorded. In both the water bodies, the representatives of the orders Hemiptera and Odonata were the most abundant groups. During the study period highest abundance of the total insects was recorded in November 2009 and the lowest in July 2010. Abundance of insects was comparatively higher in the pond habitat than in the lake. The Quotient of Similarity (QS) of the insects between the two water bodies was found to be the highest in October 2009 and lowest in July 2010. Species diversity, species richness and species evenness values of the lake were higher than that of the pond. Hydrophilus sp. and Sphaerodema sp. were the most dominant insects in the pond, while Chironomous sp. and Gerris sp. in the lake.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(1): 19-33, 2014

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Odonate abundance and diversity in four selective spots of Chittagong University campus

Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management ◽

10.3329/jbcbm.v4i1.37877 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

M Nasiruddin ◽

A Barua

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Seasonal Fluctuation ◽

Species Evenness ◽

University Campus ◽

Ecological Conditions ◽

The Family ◽

Abundance And Diversity

The abundance and diversity of odonate fauna were studied in four selective spots of Chittagong University Campus, Chittagong, Bangladesh from August’2016 to July’2017. A total of 928 individuals of odonates under three families was collected during the study period from the four sampling sites. Out of 25 species identified one belonged to the family Gomphidae, 13 belonged to family Libellulidae and 11 belonged to family Coenagriidae. The abundance of odonate species was highest in July’17 (13.04%) and was lowest in December’16 (4.96%). Spot 2 was a hotspot for odonates as highest number (370) was collected from this spot. A total of 196, 188 and 174 individuals were collected from Spot 4, Spot 3 and Spot 1, respectively. The members of Libellulidae (472) were dominant followed by Coenagriidae (406) and lastly Gomphidae (50). Highest species richness (SR), species diversity (H′) and species evenness (J′) values were observed in the months of May’17 (1.56±0.08), May’17 (1.29±0.08) and December’16 (0.96±0.03), respectively. But lowest such values were observed in December’16 (0.96±0.05), November’16 (0.90±0.02) and May’17 (0.81±0.05), respectively. Amongst the spots, highest SR, H′ and J′, values were observed in Spot 4 (1.40±0.10), Spot 2 (1.22±0.05) and Spot 1 (0.93±0.02), respectively, whereas, lowest such values were observed in Spot 1 (1.02±0.08), Spot 1 (1.01±0.04) and Spot 4 (0.82±0.02), respectively. Ecological conditions and seasonal fluctuation had great impact on the abundance and diversity of odonates.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 55-62

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