scholarly journals Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and Leishmania infection among Meriones shawi population in Setif Province, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Fellahi ◽  
NACER DJIRAR ◽  
ABDELKADER CHERIEF ◽  
ABDELKRIM BOUDRISSA ◽  
NAOUEL EDDAIKRA
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Abstract. Fellahi A, Djirar N, Cherief A, Boudrissa A, Eddaikra N. 2021. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and Leishmania infection among Meriones shawi population in Setif Province, Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 2547-2554. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is the most endemic disease in Algeria. Leishmania major is the causative agent, and Gerbils Meriones shawi and Psammomys obesus are the main reservoir hosts. The Province of Setif in Algeria has become a very active focus for this zoonosis. Our study was carried out from January 2017 until January 2019 in ten representative stations of the study area, with an aim to identify the association between zoonosis and reservoir host species. Eighty-six (86) specimens of M. shawi and three (3) specimens of P. obesus were captured and determined. Superficial lesions were subjected to Giemsa stained smears. In addition, Livers and spleens were tested for Leishmania DNA using ITS1 PCR. The results showed the presence of M. shawi in almost all communities of Setif Province and the highest population with 50 specimens (58.13%) was in the center and south. The microscopic and molecular detection of Leishmania showed high infestation in most specimens of Meriones (32/86) with a rate of 37.20 %, however, no infestation in Psammomys has been detected. The PCA results showed a negative association between rainfall and ZCL cases; however, positive association was found between temperature and the human CL cases. Also, positive association was demonstrated between ZCL in south and center of Setif Province and Meriones captured. Our finding, confirm that M. shawi is the principal reservoir host (76.78%) of the ZCL in Setif Province, since P. obesus was nearly absent (2.67%).

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Leishmania major in Hemiechinus auritus, A Potential Reservoir of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Damghan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrad Pourmohammadi ◽  
Sadegh Mohammadi-Azni
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Background: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major is endemic in 17 of 31 Iranian provinces. Various species of rodents have been introduced as the main reservoirs of the disease. This study was conducted to de­termine the natural infection of hedgehogs with Leishmania spp. in an endemic area of the disease, northern Iran. Methods: Fifteen long-eared hedgehogs were captured alive during 18 months study period, from Apr 2015 to Sep 2016, in Damghan City, Semnan Province, Iran. The animals were identified using apparent characteristics and to de­termine the Leishmania infection, impression smears were prepared from their ear lobes, hind feet, livers, and spleens. Micro­scopic examination and semi-nested PCR were applied to determine the infection and to identify the parasites species respectively. Results: All examined animals were identified as Hemiechinus auritus (Family: Erinaceidae). In microscopic examina­tion, 8 (53.3%) samples were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. The higher and lower rate of the infection was observed in the ears as well as the feet and in the liver specimens, 53.3%, and 33.3% respectively. Forty percent (6/ 15) of the samples were molecularly positive and all were identified as L. major parasites. All the examined animals in au­tumn and 50% of them in summer were shown to be infected with Leishmania parasites. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the natural infection of H. auritus with L. major for the first time in Damghan City and introduced these mammals as new potential reservoirs of ZCL in the study area.

scholarly journals An Eco-Epidemiological Study on Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein NEZAMZADEH-EZHIYEH ◽  
Hossein MIRHENDI ◽  
Reza JAFARI ◽  
Arshad VEYSI ◽  
Yavar RASSI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
North East ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Background: Leishmaniasis is an expanding neglected tropical disease in the world reporting from 98 countries including Iran. This study focused on eco-epidemiological determinants of the disease following a rapid and unexpected increase of leishmaniasis incidence in a strategic residential district in North-East of Isfahan County, Iran. Methods: This study was accomplished from Apr 2012 to Jan 2014 in a strategic residential zone in North-East of Isfahan County, Esfahan, Iran. Monthly activity, parity, Leishmania infection and susceptibility tests, were determined on sand flies. Some portion of inhabitants and school children were surveyed to find active or passive cases of leishmaniasis and also wild rodents were collected to determine reservoir host. Results: Totally 5223 sand flies belonging to Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia genus were collected and identified; Ph. papatasi was the dominant species and started to appear in May and disappeared in Oct. The majority of living dissected sand flies were unfed and parous. Ph. papatasi showed 4.6% Leishmania infection through direct examination and 39.54% by nested-PCR respectively. Phlebotomus papatasi was susceptible against deltametrin 0.05%. Totally 2149 people were surveyed and incidence and prevalence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis estimated as 45.39 and 314.40 per 1000 population. Rodents showed 73.91% and 80% Leishmania infection by direct examination and nested-PCR respectively. Conclusion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major has been established in this area. Rodent control operation and personal protection are highly recommended to control the disease in this focus.

scholarly journals Performance of an ELISA and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay in Serological Diagnosis of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Marzieh Ashrafmansouri ◽  
GholamReza Hatam ◽  
Parvaneh Habibi ◽  
Samaneh Abdolahi Khabisi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

Serological assays have been extensively evaluated for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and considered as a routine method for diagnosis of VL while these methods are not properly evaluated for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study aimed to assess the performance of indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Sixty-one sera samples from parasitologically confirmed CL patients and 50 sera from healthy controls along with 50 sera from non-CL patients were collected. Antigen was prepared from promastigotes and amastigotes ofLeishmania major. IFA was used to detect anti-LeishmaniaIgG while ELISA was used to detect anti-LeishmaniaIgM, total IgG, or IgG subclasses (IgG1 and 4). ELISA, for detection of total IgG and IgM, showed sensitivity of 83.6% and 84.7% and specificity of 62.7% and 54.6%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for detecting IgG1 and IgG4 were 64%, 75% and 85%, 49%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of IFA were 91.6% and 81%.Conclusion. Findings of this study demonstrated that serological test, especially IFA, can be used for proper diagnosis of CL.

scholarly journals Histological and immunological differences between zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major and sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thouraya Boussoffara ◽  
Mohamed Samir Boubaker ◽  
Melika Ben Ahmed ◽  
Mourad Mokni ◽  
Ikram Guizani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Lesion features in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) depend on the infecting Leishmania species as well as on host immune reponse. In this study, we evaluated the histological and immunological differences between two forms of CL described in Tunisia: zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by L. major and sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis (SCL) caused by L. infantum. Histological analysis showed a mild to moderate infiltrate within ZCL lesions. In contrast, massive infiltration of the dermis was observed within SCL lesions. Contrary to ZCL, infiltrates within SCL lesions were organized and showed granuloma composed of macrophages and lymphocytes. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed a predominance of CD4+ T cells within both CL forms. Furthermore, expression of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-8, IL-13 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). MCP-1 and IL-10 were expressed at comparable levels in ZCL and SCL lesions. Interestingly, IL-8 mRNA levels were significantly higher in ZCL lesions compared to SCL lesions, but interferon-γ was significantly higher in SCL lesions than in ZCL lesions.

First report of natural infection in hedgehogs with Leishmania major, a possible reservoir of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Algeria

Acta Tropica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Míriam Tomás-Pérez ◽  
Mourad Khaldi ◽  
Cristina Riera ◽  
Denis Mozo-León ◽  
Alexis Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
First Report ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
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