Epigenetic Zoning in Surface and Near-Surface Rocks Resulting from Seepage-Induced Redox Gradients, Velma Oil Field, Oklahoma: ABSTRACT

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence J. Donovan, Alan A. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Oil Field ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Redox Gradients

SHALLOW RESISTIVITY SURVEY AT SOUTH ELTON, LOUISIANA

Geophysics ◽  
1939 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
E. E. Blondeau
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Current Electrode ◽  
Contour Map ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
A Current

A direct current resistivity survey covering about one and one‐half townships adjacent to the South Elton oil field is described. The contour map based on data taken 100′ from a current electrode shows many near surface anomalies while that based on data taken 1000′ from a current electrode is comparatively uniform. Conclusions reached were: First, that Eltran and direct current data show good qualitative agreement; second, that the large observed variations in near surface resistivity can hardly be attributed to mineralization emanating upward over structure; and third, that the number of anomalies found is so great that their direct association with deep structure is highly improbable.

scholarly journals Near-surface study at the Valhall oil field from ambient noise surface wave tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 1627-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mordret ◽  
M. Landès ◽  
N. M. Shapiro ◽  
S. C. Singh ◽  
P. Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Surface Wave Tomography ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Study ◽  
Wave Tomography

scholarly journals Retrieval techniques for airborne imaging of methane concentrations using high spatial and moderate spectral resolution: application to AVIRIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 8543-8588 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Thorpe ◽  
C. Frankenberg ◽  
D. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract. Two quantitative retrieval techniques were evaluated to estimate methane (CH4) enhancement in concentrated plumes using high spatial and moderate spectral resolution data from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). An Iterative Maximum a Posteriori Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (IMAP-DOAS) algorithm performed well for an ocean scene containing natural CH4 emissions from the Coal Oil Point (COP) seep field near Santa Barbara, California. IMAP-DOAS retrieval precision errors are expected to equal between 0.31 to 0.61 ppm CH4 over the lowest atmospheric layer (height up to 1.04 km), corresponding to about a 30 to 60 ppm error for a 10 m thick plume. However, IMAP-DOAS results for a terrestrial scene were adveresly influenced by the underlying landcover. A hybrid approach using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) was particularly effective for terrestrial surfaces because it could better account for spectral variability in surface reflectance. Using this approach, a CH4 plume was observed immediately downwind of two hydrocarbon storage tanks at the Inglewood Oil Field in Los Angeles, California, with a maximum near surface enhancement of 8.45 ppm above background. At COP, the distinct plume had a maximum enhancement of 2.85 ppm CH4 above background and was consistent with known seep locations and local wind direction. A sensitivity analysis also indicates CH4 sensitivity should be more than doubled for the next generation AVIRIS sensor (AVIRISng) due to improved spectral resolution and sampling. AVIRIS-like sensors offer the potential to better constrain emissions on local and regional scales, including sources of increasing concern like industrial point source emissions and fugitive CH4 from the oil and gas industry.

scholarly journals Retrieval techniques for airborne imaging of methane concentrations using high spatial and moderate spectral resolution: application to AVIRIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Thorpe ◽  
C. Frankenberg ◽  
D. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract. Two quantitative retrieval techniques were evaluated to estimate methane (CH4) enhancement in concentrated plumes using high spatial and moderate spectral resolution data from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). An iterative maximum a posteriori differential optical absorption spectroscopy (IMAP-DOAS) algorithm performed well for an ocean scene containing natural CH4 emissions from the Coal Oil Point (COP) seep field near Santa Barbara, California. IMAP-DOAS retrieval precision errors are expected to equal between 0.31 to 0.61 ppm CH4 over the lowest atmospheric layer (height up to 1.04 km), corresponding to about a 30 to 60 ppm error for a 10 m thick plume. However, IMAP-DOAS results for a terrestrial scene were adversely influenced by the underlying land cover. A hybrid approach using singular value decomposition (SVD) was particularly effective for terrestrial surfaces because it could better account for spectral variability in surface reflectance. Using this approach, a CH4 plume was observed extending 0.1 km downwind of two hydrocarbon storage tanks at the Inglewood Oil Field in Los Angeles, California (USA) with a maximum near surface enhancement of 8.45 ppm above background. At COP, the distinct plume had a maximum enhancement of 2.85 ppm CH4 above background, and extended more than 1 km downwind of known seep locations. A sensitivity analysis also indicates CH4 sensitivity should be more than doubled for the next generation AVIRIS sensor (AVIRISng) due to improved spectral resolution and sampling. AVIRIS-like sensors offer the potential to better constrain emissions on local and regional scales, including sources of increasing concern like industrial point source emissions and fugitive CH4 from the oil and gas industry.

scholarly journals Focal mechanism determination of induced microearthquakes in an oil field using full waveforms from shallow and deep seismic networks

Geophysics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. WC87-WC101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlun Li ◽  
H. Sadi Kuleli ◽  
Haijiang Zhang ◽  
M. Nafi Toksöz
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Seismic Networks

A new, relatively high frequency, full waveform matching method was used to study the focal mechanisms of small, local earthquakes induced in an oil field, which are monitored by a sparse near-surface network and a deep borehole network. The determined source properties are helpful for understanding the local stress regime in this field. During the waveform inversion, we maximize both the phase and amplitude matching between the observed and modeled waveforms. We also use the polarities of the first P-wave arrivals and the average S/P amplitude ratios to better constrain the matching. An objective function is constructed to include all four criteria. For different hypocenters and source types, comprehensive synthetic tests showed that our method is robust enough to determine the focal mechanisms under the current array geometries, even when there is considerable velocity inaccuracy. The application to several tens of induced microseismic events showed satisfactory waveform matching between modeled and observed seismograms. Most of the events have a strike direction parallel with the major northeast-southwest faults in the region, and some events trend parallel with the northwest-southeast conjugate faults. The results are consistent with the in situ well breakout measurements and the current knowledge on the stress direction of this region. The source mechanisms of the studied events, together with the hypocenter distribution, indicate that the microearthquakes are caused by the reactivation of preexisting faults. We observed that the faulting mechanism varies with depth, from strike-slip dominance at shallower depth to normal faulting dominance at greater depth.

Next Generation High Resolution Airborne Gravity Reconnaissance in Oil Field Exploration

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 198-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Bodard ◽  
J.G. Creer ◽  
M.W. Asten
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Field ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Airborne Gravity ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Gravity Gradients ◽  
Gravity Gradiometry ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Migration Pathways

Simple modelling studies of gravity fields using elementary structural forms, oilfield-type structures and geological reconnaissance situations, show that gravity gradiometry technology offers significant petroleum exploration potential. In geological environments of interest, gravity gradients are primarily due to density displacement along (near) vertical boundaries. Gradient images therefore reveal the edges and corners of intrusions, faults, fault intersections, and other such structures often associated with hydrocarbon migration pathways and traps, and/or significant basinal trends. Recent technological advances may make gravity gradiometry an airborne reconnaissance tool capable of providing sensitivity and resolution superior to the best gravimetry available today. This capacity, and the array of gradient components that may be measured, will embellish aspects of the gravity field important to developing regional geologic interpretations. While the potential advantage of gravity gradiometry is greater lateral resolution and sensitivity from a moving platform, the disadvantage is the high sensitivity to topographic and shallow buried irregularities unrelated to the deeper geological structures of interest. A further difficulty is the complex gravity field representations produced for density structures of certain geometries. Buried features that have near surface expressions will be easiest to map. However, full use of gravity gradient technology will require application-focused data processing techniques and new interpretation skills. When the technology becomes commercially available it could find application in preseismic reconnaissance, structural (and possibly stratigraphic) mapping, acreage management and assessment, and in the evolution and mapping of controls on oilfield distribution. The technology could help develop exploration in remote and inaccessible areas, and provide a new look at well-explored regions. An immediate practical implementation appears to be in offshore exploration applications, possibly linked to deepwater exploitation strategies.

Electrical Resistivity Imaging near Abandoned Steel Oil Wells: Five Case Studies, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-556
Author(s):  
Mustafa Saribudak ◽  
Dale F. Rucker ◽  
Allan Haas
Keyword(s):  
Oil Wells ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Vertical Extension ◽  
Well Location ◽  
Abandoned Wells ◽  
Freshwater Aquifers ◽  
Surface Geology ◽  
Specific Array ◽  
Water Resistivity

Abandoned wells may act as conduits for the contamination of groundwater by oil field brines and other pollutants. The steel casings of abandoned wells eventually develop leaks, which if not properly plugged, can allow pollutants to reach freshwater aquifers that supply drinking water. Resistivity surveys were conducted in the vicinity of five abandoned oil wells in order to characterize the near-surface geology and to determine the effects of the steel casings and potential leakage. The arrays consisted of dipole-dipole (DD) and inverse Schlumberger (SLB) arrays. The effects from steel cased wells can manifest as low resistivity anomalies in the vicinity of the casings, depending on proximity of the line to the well, well location along the line, and the specific array used. These features appear as vertical, circular, elliptical, and bell-like anomalies. However, in some instances with the SLB array, the data appear not to be affected by the presence of steel casings. This observation is significant because resistivity surveys utilizing the SLB array can provide reliable information on near-surface geology next to abandoned wells, and horizontal and vertical extension of brine impacted areas due to leaking abandoned oil wells. The DD array, on the other hand, is better at locating potentially hidden abandoned wells but interpreting subsurface structure or contamination with the array is more difficult.

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