Using ground penetrating radar to understand the failure of the Koh Ker Reservoir, Northern Cambodia.

Ground penetrating radar, probing, and excavation were used to create a contour map of the topography of a buried laterite pavement forming the spillway of a large abandoned reservoir at the Angkorian‐period city of Koh Ker in Cambodia. Calculations of the flow velocity of water through the spillway, based on the topography of the laterite surface, demonstrate that this outlet was even less adequate for passing the flow of water from the Stung Rongea catchment than had been estimated previously by Lustig, Klassen, Evans, French, & Moffat (2018). We argue that this design flaw contributed substantially to the failure of the reservoir’s dike, possibly during the first rainy season after construction, which may have contributed to Koh Ker’s remarkably short‐lived tenure as the political center of the Khmer Empire.

Delineation of subsurface features by gravity technique in parts of Shivpuri District, M.P.

This research paper represents the search of faults/ fractures/ shear zones/ altered zones, to find out mineral target zones in part of Shivpuri district, M.P. Geologically, the study area is represented by Vindhyan Supergroup of Meso to Neoproterozoic age. The area is mainly covered by alluvium which is characterized river gravels, sand and residual soil. The gravity survey was carried out with a station density of 1 gravity station per 2.5 sq km along with elevations of each gravity stations covered 2800 sq km. The rock samples have been collected from different litho-units of the study area for measurement of physical property (Density) which are useful for understanding & evaluating of geological response. The general trend of contour pattern of Bouguer gravity is NW-SE directions. Bouguer gravity anomaly contour map is characterized by broad gravity ‘high’ in southern part whereas ‘low’ in northern part which inferred depression of basement toward the north. The nosing in aligned approximately NW-SE direction is recorded in central part which may be interpreted as inferred lineament and it is clearly reflected on residual gravity map. The regional gravity anomaly aligned in NW-SE is characterized by broad gravity ‘high’ in southern part whereas ‘low’ in northern part which reflects basement deepening towards north. The majority of Euler 3D solutions are falling on linear bodies (inferred lineament) with varying depths from 0.5 to 2.5 km.

Structural Understanding of SARS-CoV-2 Drug Targets, Active Site Contour Map Analysis and COVID-19 Therapeutics

: The most iconic word of the year 2020 is ‘COVID-19’, the shortened name for coronavirus disease 2019. The pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for multiple worldwide lockdowns, an economic crisis, and a substantial increase in hospitalizations for viral pneumonia along with respiratory failure and multiorgan dysfunctions. Recently, the first few vaccines were approved by World Health Organization (WHO) and can eventually save millions of lives. Even though, few emergency use drugs like Remdesivir and several other repurposed drugs, still there is no approved drug for COVID-19. The coronaviral encoded proteins involved in host-cell entry, replication, and host-cell invading mechanism are potentially therapeutic targets. This perspective review provides the molecular overview of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle for summarizing potential drug targets, structural insights, active site contour map analyses of those selected SARS-CoV-2 protein targets for drug discovery, immunology, and pathogenesis.

2D Seismic Reflection Study of Mishrif and Yamama Formations in East Nasiriya Area, Southern Iraq

The structural division and stratigraphic estimation of the perceptible geological basin are the most important for oil and gas exploration. This study attempts to obtain subsurface geology in parts of east Nasiriya, southern Iraq using of seismic data and some adjacent well information for structural and stratigraphic interpretation. To achieve this goal, 2D seismic data in SEG-Y format were used with velocity and logging data. The seismic profile is then interpreted as a two-dimensional (time domain and depth domain) contour map, which is represented as a real subsurface geology. Reflectors from the Mishrif and Yamama Formations (Cretaceous period) were detected. According to the structural interpretation of the selected reflectors, TWT maps of the horizon were prepared, and depth maps were drawn, which show some noses structures in the study area. The seismic interpretation in this area confirmed the existence of certain stratigraphic features in the studied strata. Some distribution mounds and flat spots were also observed which similar to the characteristics of the Nasiriya oil field stratigraphic features that are the considered as hydrocarbon indicators.

Structural Contour Map of the Iota Carbonic Anhydrase from the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Using a Multiprong Approach

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3−. The “iota” class (ι-CA) was first found in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (tpι-CA) and is widespread among photosynthetic microalgae and prokaryotes. The ι-CA has a domain COG4875 (or COG4337) that can be repeated from one to several times and resembles a calcium–calmodulin protein kinase II association domain (CaMKII-AD). The crystal structure of this domain in the ι-CA from a cyanobacterium and a chlorarachniophyte has been recently determined. However, the three-dimensional organization of the four domain-containing tpι-CA is unknown. Using biophysical techniques and 3-D modeling, we show that the homotetrameric tpι-CA in solution has a flat “drone-like” shape with a core formed by the association of the first two domains of each monomer, and four protruding arms formed by domains 3 and 4. We also observe that the short linker between domains 3 and 4 in each monomer confers high flexibility, allowing for different conformations to be adopted. We propose the possible 3-D structure of a truncated tpι-CA containing fewer domain repeats using experimental data and discuss the implications of this atypical shape on the activity and metal coordination of the ι-CA.

Online monitoring for floating raft structure displacement based on optimal placement of measuring points

The structure displacement of the raft of vibration isolation for ships is an important factor that affects shafting alignment accuracy and the safety of the equipment on the raft. In order to realize real-time monitoring of the raft structure displacement, which is the uncertain loadings and complex in shape, a measuring point placement strategy and an online monitoring method based on the displacement parameters to identify the displacement of the raft are proposed. FEM-based simulations for a prototyped raft have been conducted to obtain the displacement contour map. According to the displacement contour map based on displacement gradient and index evaluation, the measuring points have been combined and optimized. Displacement reconstruction principle based on a surface spline interpolation function method has been elaborated and derived. Structure displacement at any point can be obtained by a few measuring points. Finally, a case study of a certain type of floating raft is analyzed by the simulation analysis, and experimental research. The simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the measuring point placement strategy and the average of relative error with a value of less than 4% under different uncertain loadings. This method can effectively solve the problem of online monitoring of floating raft structure displacement under different changing loadings.

Study on Slag Forming Route of Dephosphorization in Combined Blown Converter

In order to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency dephosphorization by single-slag method during the combined blown converter steelmaking process, the CaO-SiO2-FetO-MgO-MnO-P2O5 slag system was taken as the research object, and the slag-forming route of dephosphorization was studied. The effects of slag compositions on the liquidus and the contour map of phosphorus distribution ratios (recorded as Lp) were calculated by thermodynamics software FactSage, and then the theoretic slag-forming route of dephosphorization was obtained. The effects of slag compositions on dephosphorization rate and Lp were studied by a high-temperature experiment. Based on the results of the theoretic calculation and high-temperature experiment, the actual slag-forming route of dephosphorization by the single-slag process in the combined blown converter was obtained: The initial slag composition should be around 15.0%CaO-44.0%SiO2-41.0%FetO. The composition of high-efficiency dephosphorization slag should be around 50.8%CaO-24.2%SiO2-25%FetO. The final slag composition should be around 65.6%CaO-28.3%SiO2-6.1%FetO. After using the actual slag-forming route in the production, the dephosphorization rate was increased by 3.6%, and the consumption of slagging materials was reduced by 3.78 kg/t.

Determination of the Northwestern Extensions of the Bai Hassan Field (Daoud Culmination) and Its Geological Relationship with Ismail -1 Area, Northern Iraq

The Ismail-1 is located northwest of the Bai Hassan Field (Daoud Culmination), within the administrative boundaries of the provinces of Kirkuk and Erbil, which was later named Ismail Field. The objective of the research is to determine the geological relationship (structural and reservoir) of the well Ismail-1 with the Bai Hassan Field (Daoud Culmination). Based on geological and reservoir studies and seismic surveys of the region, the first basis of the research was based on the stratigraphy, structural, reservoir and morph structure aspects of this relationship.In the beginning, the serial sequence of the well was reviewed and compared with David's wells. Then, cross-sections and long sections were drawn through the wells of Ismail-1 and Daoud wells, as well as, the fluid levels dotted on such sections. After that, a structural contour map was drawn on top of Jeribe Formation for the area of well Ismail-1 which is currently known as Ismail Field and part of the Bai Hassan Field (Daoud Culmination), depending on the structural and reservoir data. It was found that the area of the well Ismail-1 is an asymmetrical convex fold, the southwestern flank is more inclined than the northeastern flank, and the Daoud Culmination and the Ismailfold is separated by a narrow saddle. However, depending on the structural contour map of the top of Jeribe Formation (-1325) meters from the mean sea level, the deeper levels of which surround the two Culminations together, the similarity of the reservoir properties and the different levels of fluid in the Daoud Culmination and the area of the Ismail-1, all confirm that they are two separate Culminations of one field. So the so-called Ismail Field can be considered a third Culmination called Ismail Culmination of the Bai Hassan Field.Using topographical maps and satellites data, the morph structure and geomorphological phenomena of the northwestern extensions of the Bai Hassan Field (the area of well Ismail-1) and towards the Quir Field, were studied and the northwestern aerial extensions of about 18 km length and 5 km width were delineated.Thus, the Bai Hassan Field is consisting of three Culminations (from the southeast to the northwest, Kithka, Daoud and Ismail Culminations) with a total length about 50 km.