How Orthodontic Functional Appliances Work

2000 ◽  
Vol os7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T Lee
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Genetic Constraints ◽  
Skeletal Change ◽  
Functional Appliances ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Unlimited Amount

Orthodontic functional appliances are an essential part of an orthodontist's armamentarium. The amount of their use varies greatly, some feeling they have limited use with minor effects, others claiming dramatic changes in facial growth and appearance, without significant genetic constraints. The evidence on clinical use is not equivocal, the general results however not showing an unlimited amount of skeletal change, but rather a balance of change in the growth of the facial bones and dentition with clinically significant changes in the facial soft tissues. This article examines the current evidence.

Is mouth-breathing related to alterations in facial soft tissues?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Luciana Campos GUIMARÃES ◽  
Lílian Vieira LIMA ◽  
Júlia Garcia COSTA ◽  
Adriana De Alcantara Cury SARAMAGO ◽  
Cláudia Trindade MATTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues

Surgical Anatomy for Extended Facelift Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Ismet Emrah Emre
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extended Techniques ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPreservation of the facial nerve is crucial in any type of facial procedure. This is even more important when performing plastic surgery on the face. An intricate knowledge of the course of the facial nerve is a requisite prior to performing facelifts, regardless of the technique used. The complex relationship of the ligaments and the facial nerve may put the nerve at an increased risk of damage, especially if its anatomy is not fully understood. There are several danger zones during dissection where the nerve is more likely to be injured. These include the areas where the nerve branches become more superficial in the dissection plane, and where they traverse between the retaining ligaments of the face. Addressing these ligaments is crucial, as they prevent the transmission of traction during facelifts. Without sufficient release, a satisfying pull on the soft tissues may be limited. Traditional superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques such as plication or imbrication do not include surgical release of these attachments. Extended facelift techniques include additional dissection to release the retaining ligaments to obtain a more balanced and healthier look. However, these techniques are often the subject of much debate due to the extended dissection that carries a higher risk of nerve complications. In this article we aim to present the relationship of both the nerve and ligaments with an emphasis on the exact location of these structures, both in regard to one another and to their locations within the facial soft tissues, to perform extended techniques safely.

scholarly journals Erratum to: Reaction of facial soft tissues to treatment with a Herbst appliance

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-248
Author(s):  
P. Meyer-Marcotty ◽  
J. Kochel ◽  
U. Richter ◽  
F. Richter ◽  
A. Stellzig-Eisenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues

Sperm DNA Fragmentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatios Karavolos
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Dna Quality ◽  
Double Strand Dna Breaks ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractSperm DNA fragmentation refers to the accumulation of adducts as well as single- or double-strand DNA breaks and reflects the sperm DNA quality. Current data suggest that there are differences in sperm DNA quality among individuals with high or low fertility, and this observation has led to the idea that testing sperm DNA fragmentation could be a useful test of male fertility. However, sperm DNA fragmentation has become one of the most frequently debated topics in reproductive medicine, as there is no agreement about the optimal way to test for DNA fragmentation, the clinically significant level of sperm DNA fragmentation, as well as the best therapeutic options for infertile men. This article presents current evidence related to sperm DNA fragmentation and its role in managing male infertility.

A Quantitative Three-Dimensional Assessment of Abnormal Variations in Facial Soft Tissues of Adult Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio F. Ferrario ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Claudia Dellavia ◽  
Gianluca M. Tartaglia ◽  
Davide Sozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Variability Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues

Objective To supply quantitative information about the facial soft tissues of adult operated patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design, Setting, and Patients The three-dimensional coordinates of soft tissue facial landmarks were obtained using an electromagnetic digitizer in 18 Caucasian patients with CLP (11 males and 7 females aged 19 to 27 years) and 162 healthy controls (73 females and 89 males aged 18 to 30 years). From the landmarks, 15 facial dimensions and two angles were calculated. Data were compared with those collected in healthy individuals by computing z-scores. Two summary anthropometric measurements for quantifying craniofacial variations were assessed in both the patients and reference subjects: the mean z-score (an index of overall facial size), and its SD, called the craniofacial variability index (an index of facial harmony). Results In treated patients with CLP, facial size was somewhat smaller than in normal individuals, but in all occasions the mean z-score fell inside the normal interval (mean ± 2 SD). Almost all patients had a craniofacial variability index larger than the normal interval, indicating a global disharmonious appearance. Overall, in patients pronasale, subnasale, and pogonion were more posterior, the nose was shorter and larger, the face was narrower, and the soft tissue profile and upper lip were flatter than in the reference population. Conclusions The facial soft tissue structures of adult operated patients with CLP differed from those of normal controls of the same age, sex, and ethnic group. In this patient group, surgical corrections of CLP failed to provide a completely harmonious appearance, even if the deviations from the reference were limited. Further analyses of larger groups of patients are needed.

scholarly journals New methods of investigation of the external base of skull at fatal injuries inpassenger compartment

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
A. B. Shadymov ◽  
A. S. Novosyolov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
New Method ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Skull Fractures ◽  
Passenger Compartment ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Base Of Skull ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Basal skull fractures are frequent and cause certain difficulties in detection of the mechanism of their formation. Common dissecting methods do not allow detailed study of the external base of skull and deform facial soft tissues. A new method is developed, which allows determining the mechanism of formation of constructional fractures of the basal skull and pterygoid processes at various injuries, in particular, inside a passenger compartment at headon collision of motor vehicles. The method is registered as an invention.

scholarly journals Postoperative Changes of the Frontal Facial Soft Tissues in Patients with Mandibular Prognathism and Mandibular Deviation

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUMI TAKEMURA ◽  
SHUICHI MORITA ◽  
MASAKI YAMAKI ◽  
CHIKARA SAITO ◽  
RITSUO TAKAGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mandibular Prognathism ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues

Ultrasound-guided removal of impalpable, radiolucent vegetative foreign bodies embedded into facial soft tissues of a toddler

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 64-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kourelis ◽  
Konstantinos Mourtzouchos ◽  
Vasileios Haronis ◽  
Anastasios Goulioumis ◽  
Athanasios Asimakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues

scholarly journals Was facial width-to-height ratio subject to sexual selection pressures? A life course approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon ◽  
Graham Albert ◽  
George B. Richardson ◽  
Timothy S. McHale ◽  
Seth M. Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Classic Pattern ◽  
Facial Development

AbstractSexual selection researchers have traditionally focused on adult sex differences; however, the schedule and pattern of sex-specific ontogeny can provide insights unobtainable from an exclusive focus on adults. Recently, it has been debated whether facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR; bi-zygomatic breadth divided by midface height) is a human secondary sexual characteristic (SSC). Here, we review current evidence, then address this debate using ontogenetic evidence, which has been under-explored in fWHR research. Facial measurements collected from males and females aged 3 to 40 (Study 1; US, n=2449), and 7 to 21 (Study 2; Bolivia, n=179) were used to calculate three fWHR variants (which we call fWHRnasion, fWHRstomion, and fWHRbrow) and two other common facial masculinity ratios (facial width-to-lower-face-height ratio, fWHRlower, and cheekbone prominence). We test whether the observed pattern of facial development exhibits patterns indicative of SSCs, i.e. differential adolescent growth in either male or female facial morphology leading to an adult sex difference. Results showed that only fWHRlower exhibited both adult sex differences as well as the classic pattern of ontogeny for SSCs—greater lower-face growth in male adolescents relative to females. fWHRbrow was significantly wider among both pre- and post-pubertal males in the 2D sample; post-hoc analyses revealed that the effect was driven by large sex differences in brow height, with females having higher placed brows than males across ages. In both samples, all fWHR measures were inversely associated with age; that is, human facial growth is characterized by greater relative growth in the mid-face and lower face relative to facial width. This trend continues even into middle adulthood. BMI was also a positive predictor of most of the ratios across ages, with greater BMI associated with wider faces. Researchers collecting data on fWHR should target fWHRlower and fWHRbrow and should control for both age and BMI.

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