Poverty in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Saraceno ◽  
David Benassi ◽  
Enrica Morlicchio
Keyword(s):  
Safety Net ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Eu

Italy is one of the EU countries that was hardest hit by the 2008 financial crisis and is also slowest in recovering, even compared to other Mediterranean countries that share some of its societal features. Poverty has steadily increased throughout the period following 2008, and no clear indication of a trend reversal is yet visible. Working poor, the young, children and migrant foreign households are the main victims of the situation. Also the territorial divide has deepened, with the Southern regions bearing the brunt of the crisis much more, and for a longer time, than the Centre-North ones. According to the authors, the duration and depth of the crisis in Italy, and its impact on poverty, were largely a consequence of long-term structural features of the Italian economy, of its weak and fragmented social safety net, with its high expectations concerning family solidarity and the gender division of labour on the one hand, of its sluggish growth since the 1990s on the other. Governments’ austerity choices in reaction to the crisis (and under pressure from the EU) have further strengthened these features, although the recent introduction of a minimum income provision has marked an important change in the policy approach to poverty.

The Impact of the Great Recession on Child Poverty: The Case of Italy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Natali ◽  
Chiara Saraceno
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
The Impact

The duration and depth of the crisis in Italy were largely a consequence of long-term structural features of the Italian economy and of its weak and fragmented social safety net, together with an over-reliance on the capability of family solidarity. The crisis most affected those children that also before showed higher poverty rates: children living in large, often single earner households, particularly in the South, in lone parent and in migrant households. Poor children were also most affected by financial cuts in education, social, and health services implemented under the austerity measures. Poverty, and particularly children’s poverty entered the policy agenda only very recently, with the design of a minimum income benefit targeted specifically to households with children suffering absolute poverty. The main drivers of children’s poverty—low household work intensity, inadequate and inefficient child-linked benefits, scarcity of work-family conciliating policies to support mothers’ labour force participation—remain unaddressed.

scholarly journals A Feature Set for Cytometry on Digitized Microscopic Images

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Rodenacker ◽  
Ewert Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biomedical Image Analysis ◽  
Feature Sets ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Quantitative Cytology ◽  
The Eu

Feature extraction is a crucial step in most cytometry studies. In this paper a systematic approach to feature extraction is presented. The feature sets that have been developed and used for quantitative cytology at the Laboratory for Biomedical Image Analysis of the GSF as well as at the Center for Image Analysis in Uppsala over the last 25 years are described and illustrated. The feature sets described are divided into morphometric, densitometric, textural and structural features. The latter group is used to describe the eu‐ and hetero‐chromatin in a way complementing the textural methods. The main goal of the paper is to bring attention to the need of a common and well defined description of features used in cyto‐ and histometrical studies. The application of the sets of features is shown in an overview of projects from different fields. Finally some rules of thumb for the design of studies in this field are proposed. Colour figures can be viewed onhttp://www.esacp.org/acp/2003/25‐1/rodenacker.htm.

Eliminating Extreme Poverty in Greece

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manos Matsaganis ◽  
Fotis Papadopoulos ◽  
Panos Tskloglou
Keyword(s):  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Complete Eradication ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Moderate Cost

The poverty-reducing impact of social transfers is weaker in Greece than in other EU countries, primarily due to the absence of a minimum social safety net. The paper examines the extent and structure of extreme poverty in Greece and attempts to assess the likely effects of the introduction of a minimum income scheme, under alternative scenarios about the extent of non-take up by eligible households as well as leakages to ineligible ones. Our results indicate that such a scheme could lead to an almost complete eradication of extreme poverty and a considerable decline in aggregate inequality at a moderate cost.

scholarly journals EU AGRICULTURAL INTEGRATED POLICIES: THE CASE OF EU AND MEDITERRANEAN COUNTIES

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Hedoui ◽  
Dimitrios Natos ◽  
Konstadinos Mattas
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
Geographical Dispersion ◽  
The Eu

EU agricultural integrated policies among the EU and the southern Mediterranean countries are more evidently distilled through the EU-Mediterranean process (EUROMED). After 10 years of the Agadir agreement entry into force, this paper attempts to assess the agriculture trade integration among countries signed under the agreement, namely Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan, by evaluating firstly the degree of sectorial and geographical dispersion of the four countries agricultural exports and secondly appraising the extent of agricultural trade complementarity towards EU countries. In this study, using the available agricultural trade data for the period 2007-2016 and the twenty-four agricultural sectors classification (CN codes 01-24), we will build three trade indices; Regional Hirschman, Sectorial Hirschman and the Trade Complementarity Index. And, finally, we will discuss the result and highlight the limitation and the challenges that hinder agricultural trade integration among southern and northern Mediterranean countries.

Un crocevia di distretti: la realtŕ economica della provincia di Lucca

2012 ◽  
pp. 157-188
Author(s):  
Giulia Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Interest in the «district» form arose, in Italy, in the context of the debate on the role of small businesses in the Italian and international economy, and intensified during the decade from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, when the increasing efficiency of new types of industrialization began to make itself felt. Attention focused on the industrial district as an organizational model of systems characterized by numerous local small and medium-sized businesses capable of offsetting the disadvantage of the smaller production scale by developing a system of external economies. Such businesses were thus able to manage complex processes of decomposition/integration of the production cycle through units specialized in individual stages of production within a social context that could absorb the impact of pronounced division of labour. The potential of the district prompted observers not only to endeavour to identify industrial districts within the Italian economic system, but also to analyse their functioning in order to determine their characteristics in terms of efficiency and competitiveness on local, domestic and international markets. This paper, set within the above-described perspective, aims to analyse the Tuscan district system as an example of a flexible and lean specialisation, with particular reference to the Province of Lucca, taking into account the background of change, evolution and downturns that influenced the Italian economy from the first oil crisis (1973) up to the Treaty of Maastricht (1992). Additionally, emphasis is placed on a comparison with the interpretive model proposed by Giacomo Becattini, whose assessment is shown to succeed in encompassing the ongoing economic transformations and is particularly effective in depicting the specificity of the Tuscan case, destined to survive the pressures of international competition. In the present author's view the district, far from constituting a recipe valid exclusively on a local scale and during expansionary phases, represents an effective answer to a scenario increasingly - and more and more intensely - affected by economic transformations that can have a major impact.

L'impatto degli accordi Euro-mediterranei sull'ortofrutta italiana: alcuni risultati

2009 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Alessandra Castellini ◽  
Cinzia Pisano
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Gravity Equation ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

- Sector: some Results Since 1995, the Barcelona Process aims to establish a free trade area between Mediterranean countries by 2010. The most commercialized products from Mediterranean countries are fruit and vegetables. The agreement defines, only for some products, preferences at the entrance of the eu market, limited concession for each partner for single products, limited quantities and calendars. This work tries to analyse the impact of the liberalization on the Italian products applying a gravity model in order to asses the Italian import flows from eight Mediterranean countries which signed the Barcelona agreement. The econometric estimation includes fruit and vegetables at the aggregate level and some specified products that enter in competition with typical Italian Mediterranean production such as citrus, melons, potatoes and tomatoes. Since these Mediterranean countries appear as a highly heterogeneous block related to historical, cultural, political and geographical factors, the gravity equation controls these factors by an augmented gravity equation.JEL Code: Q17 - Agriculture in International TradeParole chiave: accordi euro-mediterranei, mercato italiano, ortofrutta, competitivitŕ, gravity model

After a decade of austerity, does the UK have an income safety net worth its name?

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
Donald Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Safety Net ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Families With Children

This chapter explores the evolution of the level of benefits entitlement of different UK families and whether these are enough to meet minimum needs. It uses the Minimum Income Standard, a family-specific budget derived by iterative group discussions between people from a wide range of socio-economic backgrounds, supplemented by selective inputs from nutrition, domestic, and transportation experts. Since 2010, safety net benefits have declined but pensioners' entitlements are much closer to what they need (just over 90 per cent). This ties into the widespread perception that pensioners have been protected from the worst effects of austerity. On average, families with children get slightly over half and singles without children only a third. The chapter concludes that although the UK's safety net benefits have never maintained a systematic link with need, they have recently become less adequate and more arbitrary. It provides a strong case for strengthening the link between basic household needs and government safety net benefits.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-28
Author(s):  
Peter Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Political Agenda ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Working Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Negative Income Tax

The 2008 financial crisis and the era of austerity that followed have pushed poverty and inequality to the top of the political agenda for the first time in a generation. One of the most striking responses has been the surge of interest in a Universal Basic Income—an idea which has circulated in British politics since at least the First World War, and has intersected with proposals for more selective and conditional forms of minimum income. This introduction examines the history of guaranteed income in modern Britain from two perspectives: an ideational story about the circulation and development of basic income, Negative Income Tax, and tax credit schemes, and a public policy story about the growth of cash transfers since the 1970s. It argues that the UK has become a ‘transfer state’ in which working-age benefits play a central role in legitimating a particular form of post-industrial liberal capitalism.

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