scholarly journals EU AGRICULTURAL INTEGRATED POLICIES: THE CASE OF EU AND MEDITERRANEAN COUNTIES

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Hedoui ◽  
Dimitrios Natos ◽  
Konstadinos Mattas
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
Geographical Dispersion ◽  
The Eu

EU agricultural integrated policies among the EU and the southern Mediterranean countries are more evidently distilled through the EU-Mediterranean process (EUROMED). After 10 years of the Agadir agreement entry into force, this paper attempts to assess the agriculture trade integration among countries signed under the agreement, namely Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan, by evaluating firstly the degree of sectorial and geographical dispersion of the four countries agricultural exports and secondly appraising the extent of agricultural trade complementarity towards EU countries. In this study, using the available agricultural trade data for the period 2007-2016 and the twenty-four agricultural sectors classification (CN codes 01-24), we will build three trade indices; Regional Hirschman, Sectorial Hirschman and the Trade Complementarity Index. And, finally, we will discuss the result and highlight the limitation and the challenges that hinder agricultural trade integration among southern and northern Mediterranean countries.

scholarly journals Impacto de los acuerdos de asociación en el comercio Euromediterráneo de frutas y hortalizas

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
M. Luisa Martí Selva ◽  
José M. García Álvarez-Coque
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Model Approach

The aim of this research is to discuss a different way to represent the influence of Association Agreements on the agricultural trade between Southern Mediterranean Countries and the European Union in the period 1995-2004. A yearly analysis makes it possible to study trade changes after the Association Agreement between European Union and Southern Mediterranean Countries. For assessment of the Association Agreements, groups of countries with different treatment granted by the EU can separately considered. For these purposes, a gravity model approach could be of help, in particular for differentiated products such as fruits and vegetables.

Trade Prospects of the New EU Neighborhood Policy: Evidence from Hausman and Taylor's Models

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1850031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Péridy
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
Trade Potentials ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Theoretical Developments

One major objective of the new EU neighborhood policy is to move towards more trade integration between the enlarged EU and its new Eastern and Southern neighbors, i.e., Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, as well as Southern Mediterranean and Caucasus countries. Using recent theoretical developments in gravity models, this paper derives an estimable equation, which particularly focuses on trade costs. This equation is then used to investigate the new neighbors' export potential towards the EU market. For this purpose, several Hausman and Taylor's models are implemented in order to consider the correlation between certain independent variables and the residuals which are used to calculate trade potentials. Results outline that the NNCs' export potential is generally significant, especially for the new Eastern neighbors. However, it seems that this potential is limited for Mediterranean countries, as they have already enjoyed preferential market access with regards to the EU. Finally, an extension of the analysis to Middle-East and Gulf countries also highlights significant trade potentials with the EU.

scholarly journals The EU Democratisation of The Southern Neighbours Since the “Arab Spring”: An Inherently Inadequate Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Naim Mathlouthi
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
The Eu

This Article draws on the analysis of historical relations between the European Union and the Southern Mediterranean countries and highlights the main initiatives and consequences of the adopted practices of democratisation in the region following the Arab Uprisings. The main focus is on the continuity and limited changes in the new approach. One of the main findings is that the limited reform of the EU approach primarily resulted from the inherited political constraints. The net result was a set of structured security-orientated relationships that will continue to repeat earlier mistakes before 2011. The mechanisms of democracy promotion including conditionality remained inherently full of contradictions. The double standards in applying the conditionality principle  in addition to the lack of significant leverage rendered the EU democratisation approach of the Southern neighbours inapt. Despite the  2011 ENP review promise of a substantial change in the EU democratisation approach, it seems that the EU’s initial euphoria following the “Arab spring” has waned as it  seems to repeat the same old approach  of  liberalisation and securitisation of the  Southern Mediterranean region rather than democratisation.

US actions raise agricultural trade costs globally

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Commodity Price Volatility ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Eu

Significance US President Donald Trump last month targeted Canada’s supply management system for dairy, poultry and eggs as an example of unfair restrictions on agricultural exports to that country. Meanwhile, Canada, Mexico, China and the EU, the largest US farm export markets, are imposing retaliatory measures on key agricultural and food imports from the United States in response to US tariffs on steel, aluminium and Chinese manufactured goods. Impacts The tariffs will disrupt agricultural markets, trade and supply chains globally, and commodity price volatility will increase. Food security and price stability worries will rise and may spark a vicious circle of more restrictions and interventions by governments. Chinese retaliation is targeting US agricultural and processed food exports, affecting activity in ‘swing’ states ahead of the elections.

scholarly journals Financial and trade integration in the EU countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Monetary Integration ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
The Eu

Because of the creation and enlargement of the Eurozone, the importance of monetary integration is increasing and is the subject of a number of theoretical and empirical studies. The adoption of a common currency has to be accompanied by financial market integration. The aim of the paper is to assess the relationship between financial and trade integration in the EU member countries (divided into three subsamples: EU27, EU10, and EU17) over the period 1993–2012 (and two subperiods 1993–2007 and 2008–2012). We use quantity-based measures of financial integration derived from the countries’ international investment positions with a view to the foreign trade and the method of correlation analysis (including the moving correlation method). We conclude that the progress in financial integration was smaller in the EU10 countries compared to the EU16 countries, i.e. the pace of financial integration was higher in the EU16 countries than in the EU10 countries. The process of trade integration in all EU countries was not as fast as the process of financial integration. We also conclude that there is a linear association between financial and trade integration in the pre-crisis period (1993–2007), especially in the EU10 countries (compared to the EU16 countries). However, this relationship was seriously weakened by the financial crisis. Financial and trade integration are interconnected processes and should not be assessed separately. However, world trade (and thus financial integration) can be undermined by limiting trade finance as a result of tightening financial regulation and supervision after a decade of loose regulation and supervision (e.g. by the implementation of the Basel III capital framework).

THE OPPORTUNITIES OF TOURISM IN SOLVING UNEMPLOYMENT

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Branko Blažević ◽  
Tanja Vuković
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Employment Potential ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Eu

Although tourism does not have the same priority throughout the EU countries, it can help to improve the employment rate of critical groups such as women, young people, the long-term unemployed, ethnic minorities, etc. in almost all of the countries. Part-time and temporary jobs, which are frequent forms of employment in tourism, can have special significance in stimulating the employment of women and young people. Encouraging tourism in certain regions can have favourable impact on the employment rate in these areas. In countries where unemployment is not a large problem, tourism represents additional export. Portugal and Austria, two pronounced tourist destinations, together with Ireland, have recognized the employment potential that tourism has to offer, and they are using tourism to decrease their unemployment rates. Unfortunately, the majority of Mediterranean countries, where tourism is often one of the most important economic branches, has not grasped this opportunity, and still suffers high unemployment rates. In Croatia, tourism is a sector that can significantly contribute to accelerating economic development. Croatia possesses a great potential for increasing its tourism activities, which would in turn generate a large number of jobs in tourism, as well as in the adjoining economic branches. The positive experience of the EU countries in this respect can serve as an example to Croatia in successfully overcoming the issue of unemployment through tourism.

scholarly journals STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTION OF EU FOOD SAFETY GOVERNANCE: THE CASE OF EU FRUIT AND VEGETABLE IMPORTS FROM SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Camanzi ◽  
Giulio Malorgio ◽  
Abdelhakim Hammoudi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Safety Compliance ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Despite the advantages ensuing from preferential market access agreements, trade exchanges between Southern Mediterranean Countries (SMCs) and the EU are often hindered by food safety issues. These are particularly relevant for fruit and vegetables, which are subject to heterogeneous regulations in SMCs. This paper seeks to outline governance solutions to improve ex-ante compliance capacity of SMCs production and to enhance integration with the EU market. A set of research hypotheses, concerning the difficulties and benefits related with food safety compliance, are formulated. These hypotheses are then discussed in the light of the empirical evidence gathered from (i) public bodies involved in food safety enforcement and (ii) a direct survey conducted on 37 stakeholders in the fruit and vegetable supply chain in Italy. The main problems identified relate to the scarce harmonization among control systems in EU Member States and insufficient checks in exporting countries. The main benefits include the reduction of sanitary risk and the reinforcement of long-term trust-based relations along the supply chain. The most promising strategies encompass the improvement of inspections on production sites and of infrastructures in the countries of origin. Further areas of intervention concern the harmonization of food safety regulation between EU countries and SMCs and the development of bilateral cooperation and technical training programs.

scholarly journals A gravity approach of agricultural trade: The nexus of the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiás Maté Balogh ◽  
Nuno Carlos Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Eu

The European Union (EU) is one of the biggest traders of agricultural products. In 2017, extra-EU agricultural trade accounted for 7.4% of the total EU international trade. Furthermore, Europe is the main destination for agricultural goods arriving from African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) trading partners. The paper analyses the effect of geographical proximity, cultural similarity, free trade agreements on bilateral agricultural trade as well as intra-industry trade between EU member states and its trading partners (intra and extra EU trade), employing gravity model for a period of 1996–2017. Regression results suggest that EU countries export more agricultural products to their common markets. In addition, the export costs of agricultural products are lower if the EU and its external trading partners are culturally similar; have the same religion or both have regional trade agreements. We found a moderate intra-industry trade between the EU and ACP countries at 18%. The results indicate rather inter-industry trade between EU and non-EU members, with a lower index level for ACP countries. A higher positive impact is revealed on the agricultural import between ACP-EU countries than export.

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