How do family background and shadow education affect academic performance and labour market outcomes in South Korea? Reasons for redistributive social investment

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-106
Author(s):  
Yun Young Kim ◽  
Young Jun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Shadow Education ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Education And Employment

This chapter aims to explore the role of education and social investment, with special attention on the effects of shadow education on social mobility in Korea. It analyses how family background and shadow education influence educational attainment and, subsequently, how educational attainment affects incomes, using data from the Korea Education and Employment Panel (KEEP). Since this 'broken social elevator' is not a problem faced only by Korea — most OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries have 'sticky ceilings' and 'sticky floors' — the chapter then discusses the direction social investment policies should take to reboot social mobility. It argues that in order to minimise the effects of family background on educational attainment and labour market outcomes, social investment policies should actively play a redistributive role.

scholarly journals Assessment of educational misclassification in register-based data on Finnish immigrants in Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (17_suppl) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Saarela ◽  
Rosa Weber
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Register Data ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Socioeconomic Integration ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Aim: In population registers, information on completed schooling is either missing or misclassified for a large proportion of newly arrived immigrants. It is unclear how quickly the information is updated and whether misclassification, i.e., that the wrong level of education is recorded, biases empirical estimates. Methods: We use unique linked Swedish and Finnish register data to determine the extent of such mismeasurement. By running logistic regressions on zero earnings, we also illustrate how mismeasurement might influence the estimated effects of education on health or labour market outcomes. Results: We find a considerable bias in estimates based on Swedish records of educational attainment during immigrants’ first few years in the country. Misclassification is additionally very common, even when information on educational attainment exists. Conclusions: These findings suggest that research and policies using recently arrived immigrants’ completed schooling as a determinant of socioeconomic integration need to be interpreted with care.

Upper secondary school tracking, labour market outcomes and intergenerational inequality in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Fels Birkelund ◽  
Kristian Bernt Karlson ◽  
David Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Upper Secondary School ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
Track Placement ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Educational Tracking

We study the relationship among family background, placements in upper secondary school tracks and labour market outcomes in the comprehensive welfare state of Denmark. We base our study on high-quality data from Danish administrative registers with a focus on the 1986 birth cohort, which allows us to examine very fine-grained measures of track placement in upper secondary schools. Our analyses show three results. First, upper secondary track placement is consequential for labour market outcomes, even after we control for the selection into tracks on pre-track academic performance and family background characteristics. Second, upper secondary track placement appears to affect labour market outcomes even net of higher education attainment. Third, educational tracking appears to play a role in intergenerational social reproduction net of family background-based skill gaps, suggesting that track choice help maintain inequalities across generations. We discuss the implications of our findings for the literature on educational tracking.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Upper secondary school tracking is relevant for labor market outcomes in Denmark.</li><br /><li>Even after we control for pre-tracking academic performance and family SES tracking effects persist.</li><br /><li>Track placement seems to affect labor market outcomes net of higher education attainment.</li><br /><li>Educational tracking appears to play a role in intergenerational social reproduction net of family background-based skill gaps.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Revitalising Jiri Technical School in a Dramatically Changed Context: Governance, Management and Employability

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-27
Author(s):  
Agni Prasad Kafle ◽  
Hansruedi Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Technical School ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Education And Employment

This paper examines two assumption: First, whether inadequate practical training, including much shortened apprenticeship training, has negatively affected the employability and incomes of graduates of TVET institutions in Nepal, and the second, whether it is good institutional management and governance that provide the systems for quality training and positive labour market outcomes. Tracer studies and an institutional assessment of Jiri Technical School (JTS) confirm the first assumption. The review of select literature on institution building and the benchmarking of JTS’ operative practices against those of high performing educational institutions (in India) confirm the second assumption. It is argued that poor management and governance of TVET institutions drifts the mission of Technical Schools away from their initial socio-economic mandate: the provision of skilled human resource and access to qualification opportunities to the youth having the aptitudes for such an education. Social rather than labour market demand with corresponding politics is one major force for such deviation. To revitalise the JTS, it is proposed to bank on the federalisation of the TVET governance system to professionalise Board, Management and teachers for enhanced labour market outcomes in closer cooperation between actors from the education and employment systems.

Social origins, track choices and labour-market outcomes: evidence from the French case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Herbaut ◽  
Carlo Barone ◽  
Mathieu Ichou ◽  
Louis-André Vallet
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Service Class ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Benefits ◽  
Academic Qualifications

This paper examines the labour-market returns to different high school tracks in the French context. We use rich nationally representative longitudinal data running from the beginning of secondary education until entrance into the labour market: the Panel d’élèves du second degré, recrutement 1995 combined with the Entrée dans la vie adulte-EVA follow-up survey. Analysing these data, we are able to identify the consequences of track placement in high school on various labour-market outcomes controlling for social and academic selection into tracking. Our results show that academic diplomas offer higher labour-market benefits than vocational diplomas, even when adjusting for selection into tracks based on prior school performance, family background and other socio-demographic characteristics. The advantage of the academic track stays large, both for the whole group of upper secondary graduates and for those who have not achieved a tertiary degree. Our results further indicate that academic qualifications are even more rewarding for service-class graduates. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of our results for processes of intergenerational reproduction.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Secondary academic diplomas offer higher labour market benefits than vocational ones, even when adjusting for selection into tracks.</li><br /><li>The academic path is the most rewarding option in France, even among students who do not complete tertiary education.</li><br /><li>Secondary academic qualifications are even more rewarding for service class graduates, in terms of boosting access to service class jobs.</li></ul>

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