Performance evaluation criteria for preparation and measurement of macro- and microfabricated ion-selective electrodes (IUPAC Technical Report)

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernö Lindner ◽  
Yoshio Umezawa
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The State ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Selectivity Coefficients ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Over the last 30 years, IUPAC published several documents with the goal of achieving standardized nomenclature and methodology for potentiometric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). The ISE vocabulary was formulated, measurement protocols were suggested, and the selectivity coefficients were compiled. However, in light of new discoveries and experimental possibilities in the field of ISEs, some of the IUPAC recommendations have become outdated. The goal of this technical report is to direct attention to ISE practices and the striking need for updated or refined IUPAC recommendations which are consistent with the state of the art of using macro- and microfabricated planar microelectrodes. Some of these ISE practices have never been addressed by IUPAC but have gained importance with the technological and theoretical developments of recent years. In spite of its recognized importance, a generally acceptable revision of the current IUPAC recommendations is far beyond the scope of this work.

scholarly journals Towards a Functional Performance Validation Standard for Industrial Low-Back Exoskeletons: State of the Art Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Mattia Pesenti ◽  
Alberto Antonietti ◽  
Marta Gandolla ◽  
Alessandra Pedrocchi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The State ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Absence From Work

While the research interest for exoskeletons has been rising in the last decades, missing standards for their rigorous evaluation are potentially limiting their adoption in the industrial field. In this context, exoskeletons for worker support have the aim to reduce the physical effort required by humans, with dramatic social and economic impact. Indeed, exoskeletons can reduce the occurrence and the entity of work-related musculoskeletal disorders that often cause absence from work, resulting in an eventual productivity loss. This very urgent and multifaceted issue is starting to be acknowledged by researchers. This article provides a systematic review of the state of the art for functional performance evaluation of low-back exoskeletons for industrial workers. We report the state-of-the-art evaluation criteria and metrics used for such a purpose, highlighting the lack of a standard for this practice. Very few studies carried out a rigorous evaluation of the assistance provided by the device. To address also this topic, the article ends with a proposed framework for the functional validation of low-back exoskeletons for the industry, with the aim to pave the way for the definition of rigorous industrial standards.

scholarly journals FedOpt: Towards Communication Efficiency and Privacy Preservation in Federated Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asad ◽  
Ahmed Moustafa ◽  
Takayuki Ito
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Homomorphic Encryption ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The State ◽  
Compression Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Local Learning ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Communication Efficiency

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied to solve various challenges of real-world problems in recent years. However, the emergence of new AI technologies has brought several problems, especially with regard to communication efficiency, security threats and privacy violations. Towards this end, Federated Learning (FL) has received widespread attention due to its ability to facilitate the collaborative training of local learning models without compromising the privacy of data. However, recent studies have shown that FL still consumes considerable amounts of communication resources. These communication resources are vital for updating the learning models. In addition, the privacy of data could still be compromised once sharing the parameters of the local learning models in order to update the global model. Towards this end, we propose a new approach, namely, Federated Optimisation (FedOpt) in order to promote communication efficiency and privacy preservation in FL. In order to implement FedOpt, we design a novel compression algorithm, namely, Sparse Compression Algorithm (SCA) for efficient communication, and then integrate the additively homomorphic encryption with differential privacy to prevent data from being leaked. Thus, the proposed FedOpt smoothly trade-offs communication efficiency and privacy preservation in order to adopt the learning task. The experimental results demonstrate that FedOpt outperforms the state-of-the-art FL approaches. In particular, we consider three different evaluation criteria; model accuracy, communication efficiency and computation overhead. Then, we compare the proposed FedOpt with the baseline configurations and the state-of-the-art approaches, i.e., Federated Averaging (FedAvg) and the paillier-encryption based privacy-preserving deep learning (PPDL) on all these three evaluation criteria. The experimental results show that FedOpt is able to converge within fewer training epochs and a smaller privacy budget.

Potentiometric selectivity coefficients of ion-selective electrodes. Part II. Inorganic anions (IUPAC Technical Report)

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Umezawa ◽  
Kayoko Umezawa ◽  
Philippe Bühlmann ◽  
Naoko Hamada ◽  
Hiroshi Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Anions ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Selectivity Coefficients ◽  
Potentiometric Selectivity ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Linear Concentration

Potentiometric selectivity coefficients, KA,Bpot have been collected for ionophore-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for inorganic anions reported during 1988-1998. In addition to the actual numerical values of KA,Bpot together with the methods and conditions for their determination, response slopes, linear concentration (activity) ranges, chemical compositions, and ionophore structures for the ISE membranes are tabulated.

Critical evaluation of the state of the art of the analysis of light elements in thin films demonstrated using the examples of SiOXNY and AlOXNY films (IUPAC Technical Report)

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Dreer ◽  
P. Wilhartitz
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The State ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Technical Report

The quantitative analysis of thin films containing light elements is very important in improving the coating processes and technological properties of the products. In order to review the state of the art of modern analytical techniques for such applications, the model systems SiOXNY and AlOXNY were selected. Over 1000 abstracts were screened, and the relevant literature was evaluated to give a comprehensive overview of instruments, analytical procedures and results, film types, deposition methods, and investigation goals. From more than 150 citations, the limitations, drawbacks, and pitfalls of the different methods were extracted and reviewed critically, while in addition, improvements were proposed where possible. These suggestions are combined with the newest results of investigation by the authors of this paper. Recommendations concerning the optimized combination of analytical methods for different analytical problems have been worked out on the basis of all results. Analysis of various multicomponent systems containing light elements demonstrated the applicability of the different methods of analysis in combination to all film systems with related compositions.

Metallomics: Guidelines for terminology and critical evaluation of analytical chemistry approaches (IUPAC Technical Report)

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Lobinski ◽  
J. Sabine Becker ◽  
Hiroki Haraguchi ◽  
Bibundhendra Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The State ◽  
Technical Report

Definitions for the terms "metallome" and "metallomics" are proposed. The state of the art of analytical techniques and methods for systematic studies of metal content, speciation, localization, and use in biological systems is briefly summarized and critically evaluated.

Potentiometric Selectivity Coefficients of Ion-Selective Electrodes. Part I. Inorganic Cations (Technical Report)

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1851-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Umezawa ◽  
Philippe Bühlmann ◽  
Kayoko Umezawa ◽  
Koji Tohda ◽  
Shigeru Amemiya
Keyword(s):  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Selectivity Coefficients ◽  
Inorganic Cations ◽  
Potentiometric Selectivity ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Linear Concentration

Potentiometric selectivity coefficients have been collected for ionophore-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for inorganic cations reported from 1988-1997. In addition to numerical values of K(A,B)pot together with the methods and conditions for their determination, response slopes, linear concentration ranges, chemical compositions, and ionophores structures for the ISE membranes are tabulated.

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