Senses of the City: Perceptions of Hangzhou and Southern Song China, 1127–1279 ed. by Joseph S. C. Lam et al.

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Duan
Keyword(s):  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Victoria Almonte

Abstract During the last century, considerable interest arose regarding Chinese knowledge of western territories, with a long list of works being published on the topic. Joseph Needham’s Science and Civilisation in China (1959) states that Arab thinking had clearly influenced the Chinese conception of geography over the centuries. Zhang Xinglang analyses the relationship between the Chinese empire and countries overseas, focusing on Islamic countries and particularly those in the north of Africa. Feng Chengjun’s western territories toponyms and Gudai nanhai diming huishi have provided two powerful and even fundamental tools for the research presented here. The first gathers together a large collection of toponyms from various literary works; these are written in western language with their relative transcription or translation in Chinese. The second, the Gudai nanhai diming huishi, is divided in two volumes analysing many Chinese toponyms and their use in several geographical works. Li Qingxin’s Haishang Sichou zhilu, focuses on the development of the Maritime Silk Road and its economic-political consequences for China’s empire. Gabriele Foccardi’s research focuses instead on the motives for Chinese travellers and their expeditions, highlighting the historical and social differences between the different dynasties. Friedrich Hirth and William Rockhill provide a crucial literary resource with their translation of Zhao Rukuo’s work, Zhufanzhi (1966), as does J.V.G. Mills with his annotated translation of Ma Huan’s Yingya shenglan, a journey work of the fifteenth century. Yang Wuquan’s research into Zhou Qufei’s work, published in 1999, identifies several toponyms used by Zhou and compares several foreign geographical works. Zhou Qufei and Zhao Rukuo were both imperial officials during the Southern Song dynasty. They spent many years in the border territories of China: Zhou Qufei in Qinzhou, Guangxi province, and Zhao Rukuo in Quanzhou, Fujian province. Their works mention several toponyms never used before in Chinese texts: ‘Meilugudun’, or ‘Meilugu’ (as written by Zhao Rukuo), is one of these. The identification of this toponym has not been determined until now. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine which kingdom was identified with the ‘Meilugudun’ toponym during the Song Dynasty. Two different questions are here discussed and resolved. First, can the land of Meilugudun be identified with the city of Merv in Turkmenistan? Second, do Zhou’s ‘Meilugudun’ and Zhao’s ‘Meilugu’ both stand for the same place? This paper can be divided into four sections. The first section focuses on Zhou Qufei, the second on Zhao Rukuo. The third analyses and compares previous scholars’ studies. The fourth proposes the new identification of the Meilugudun kingdom.


2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-378
Author(s):  
Ari Daniel Levine

After the fall of the Northern Song [Formula: see text] (960–1127) capital of Kaifeng [Formula: see text] to Jurchen invaders in 1127, diasporic literati of the Southern Song dynasty [Formula: see text] (1127–1279) recreated and revisited its lost sites through textual commemoration, especially in memorabilia literature (biji [Formula: see text], lit. ‘brush notes’). As knowledge of the city passed from communicative memory into cultural memory, its decline and destruction became the focus of nostalgia and indignation for Yue Ke [Formula: see text] (1183–1234), the author of the Pillar Histories (Ting shi [Formula: see text]), a collection of counter-narratives of Northern Song history that expressed the shared experience of social trauma induced by dynastic collapse. Disconnected from their spatial context and even from historical fact, the city’s memory sites became stages for amoralistic declension narrative, in which the city’s destruction and occupation was assumed to have been instigated by the decadence of the imperial court of the passive Emperor Huizong [Formula: see text] (r. 1100–26) and his ‘nefarious ministers’. The most colourful elements of Yue’s ludic and fantastical narratives became the focus of his indignation, which encouraged his readers to denounce the traitors who had betrayed the empire by inviting the Jurchen invasion. In the Pillar Histories, Yue deployed textual imaginaries of nostalgia as forms of resistance by re-contesting the past events that led to dynastic collapse. By reconstructing the city in the cultural memory of his fellow diasporic literati, Yue was creating a vision of an ideal political, cultural and moral community that once existed at the dynasty’s inception, and might be reconstituted in the future, if and when Song subjects recaptured their lost homeland.


Author(s):  
Э.В. Казиев

В статье на основе сведений, представленных в повествовании Марко Поло и в китайской «Истории Юань», исследуется вопрос о месте убийства аланских воинов, случившемся в правление великого хана Хубилая при занятии монгольскими войсками одного из городов империи Южная Сун. Изучение данного вопроса представляется актуальным, поскольку указанные источники, одинаковым образом передавая общую канву этих событий, расходятся в некоторых деталях, к которым, среди прочих, относится и передача названия города, где эти события происходили. Приводится краткая характеристика использованных источников и сопоставление представленных в них сведений, а также историография вопроса, которая, будучи основана на разных сведениях, имеющихся в источниках, дает противоречивые указания на место рассматриваемых событий. Проведенное исследование позволяет утверждать, что имеются четыре повествования, содержащие сведения о гибели аланских воинов при завоевании монголами империи Южная Сун: три из них содержатся в жизнеописаниях асских тысячников Атачи и Юйваши, а также асского владетеля Ханхусы и его потомков, представленных в «Истории Юань», а одно — в повествовании Марко Поло, дошедшем до нас в различных редакциях. На основе сопоставления данных указанных источников можно полагать, что указание Марко Поло на город Чанчжоу как место рассматриваемых событий является ошибочным, поскольку в жизнеописаниях асских военачальников, представленных в «Истории Юань», этот город назван Чжэньчао. В настоящее время город Чжэньчао представляет собой городской уезд Чаоху, входящий в городской округ Хэфэй, являющийся административным центром провинции Аньхой. The issue of Alanic warriors slaughter that occurred in the time of the rule of the Great Khan Kubilai during the occupation of one of the cities of the Southern Song Empire by the Mongolian troops is investigated in the article on the basis of information presented in Marco Polo’s narrative and in Chinese «History of Yuan». The study of this issue seems relevant since these sources giving the general outline of these events in the same way, differ in some details namely differently spelling the name of the city, where these events took place. A brief description of these sources and a comparison of the information presented in them are adduced as well as the historiography of this issue containing contradictory location of the events being based on the varied information about this issue available in these sources. The study maintains that there are four narratives containing information about the death of Alanic warriors during the Mongols’ conquest of the Southern Song Empire: three of them are contained in the biographies of the As chiliarchs Adachi and Yuwashi and of the As ruler Hanghusi’s and his descendants presented in «The History of Yuan», and the fourth is contained in Marco Polo’s narration which has come down to us in various editions. Comparison of the information on this issue provided by these sources allows to suppose that Marco Polo’s designation of the city of Changzhou as the location of the events is erroneous since the city is named Zhenchao in the biographies of the As military leaders presented in the Yuan History. At present the city of Zhenchao is a city county of Chaohu that is part of prefectural municipality of Hefei, the center of Anhui Province.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102

AbstractIn 2013 and 2014, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions conducted comprehensive survey, mapping and trial excavation to the walls and passes of the Hailong Tun Site. These archaeological activities identified the walls and passes of two phases belonging to the Song and Ming Dynasties respectively and generally made clear the full layout and evolution of the relevant remains through these periods. The extant Bronze Pillar Pass, Iron Pillar Pass, Flying Dragon Pass, Flying Tiger Pass, Chaoqian Pass, Flying Phoenix Pass, Wan’an Pass, West Pass and Rear Pass and the walls built of marlstone are the remains of the Wanli Era of the Ming Dynasty and the north and south walls and the “Earthen wall” on the top of the tun (castle) and the gates associated with them are the remains of the Southern Song Dynasty. These discoveries provided important references for the chronology and periodization of the relevant remains, and also enriched the understandings to the city sites of the Song through the Ming Dynasties in the nearby areas.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-338

Abstract The Southern Song poet Yang Wanli is known for his Chengzhai style, prominent features of which include humorous language, easy syntax, and nature as the source of inspiration. This article examines two characteristics of Yang's nature poems that contribute to the development of his unique style: photographic seeing and an emphasis on shanlin (mountains and forests). Yang often engages in intensive, camera-like observation and yearns for the space beyond city walls, his ideal site for both life and poetry. The author argues that Yang's efforts to create a poetic practice different from that of the late Northern Song's Jiangxi school, with its emphasis on learning and book knowledge, were only partly the result of his personal experience. The shift away from textual traditions and longing for wilderness must also be understood in the context of an emerging urban culture that began with the Tang dynasty. This cultural development provided contrast and background not only for the rise of Yang Wanli but also for the Rivers and Lakes poets of the next century.


1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.


ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 46-48

This year's Annual Convention features some sweet new twists like ice cream and free wi-fi. But it also draws on a rich history as it returns to Chicago, the city where the association's seeds were planted way back in 1930. Read on through our special convention section for a full flavor of can't-miss events, helpful tips, and speakers who remind why you do what you do.


ASHA Leader ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Sweeney
Keyword(s):  

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