Chemical species and mechanisms underlying biological effects of rare earth elements

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui WANG ◽  
YunZhou FAN ◽  
XiaoGai YANG ◽  
HuiXue LIU ◽  
Min FENG
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Species

Bioconcentration of Rare Earth Elements lanthanum, gadolinium and yttrium in algae (Chlorella Vulgarize Beijerinck): Influence of chemical species

Chemosphere ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hao ◽  
Wang Xiaorong ◽  
Wang Liansheng ◽  
Dai Lemei ◽  
Li Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Species

The effects of chemical species on bioaccumulation of rare earth elements in rice grown in nutrient solution

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hao ◽  
Wang Xiaorong ◽  
Wang Qin ◽  
Wang Huating ◽  
Chen Yijun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Chemical Species

scholarly journals Investigation of Environmental and Biological Effects of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) with a Special Focus on Industrial and Mining Pollutions in Iran: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aref Shirazi ◽  
Adel Shirazy ◽  
Amin Beiranvand Pour ◽  
Ardeshir Hezarkhani ◽  
Shayan Khakmardan
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mining Pollution ◽  
First Case

The present article is a review study on the types of rare earth elements (REEs), environmental and biological effects as well as the sources of emission of these elements as pollution in nature. The purpose of this study is to provide a vision in environmental planning and control of pollution caused by REEs. The evaluation of rare earth elements was studied in human life and its environmental and biological effects, which have particular importance and are entering the life cycle through industrial and mining pollution sources. Since mining activities intensify the dispersion of these elements in the environment and the existence of industrial factories located around urban drainage system plays a unique role in creating and spreading pollution caused by rare earth elements; As a result, two case studies were conducted on two mining and industrial areas. The first case is the Choghart mine in Yazd province as an example of mining pollution,and the second case study is performed on the Kor river as an example of industrial pollution which is caused by industrial activities around it, Then the results are well explained to show both two environments of litho and hydro. Due to this fact that produced environmental pollution can cause exchange pollutant compounds with the surrounding environment besides its long-lasting destructive effects; It can cause irreversible biological effects on living organisms. By targeting this evaluation, several techniques can be proposed to prevent the entry and dispersal of rare earth elements from pollution sources besides methods to reduce the damage of these elements to the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Studies on the biological effects of rare earth elements. I. Method for analysis of dysprosium(Dy), europium(Eu), ytterbium(Yb)and yttrium(Y)from the biological materials.

Eisei kagaku ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUMIKO NAKAMURA ◽  
YUKARI HASEGAWA ◽  
YASUHIDE TONOGAI ◽  
MASAFUMI KANAMOTO ◽  
NAOHIRO TSUBOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Materials

scholarly journals Studies on the Biological Effects of Rare Earth Elements. II. Distribution and the Histlogical Effects of Dy, Eu, Yb and Y in the Rat after Intravenous Administration.

Eisei kagaku ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUMIKO NAKAMURA ◽  
YUKARI TSUMURA ◽  
YASUHIDE TONOGAI ◽  
MASAFUMI KANAMOTO ◽  
NAOHIRO TSUBOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Biological Effects

The effects of chemical species on bioaccumulation of rare earth elements in wheat grown in nutrient solution

Chemosphere ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1699-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hao ◽  
Wang Xiaorong ◽  
Wang Qin ◽  
Wang Huating ◽  
Wang Liansheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Chemical Species

scholarly journals Hypothetical Soil Thresholds for Biological Effects of Rare Earth Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gunnar Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions ◽  
Year 2000

Objectives: Anthropogenic exposures to rare earth elements are poorly known and there is limited information on their toxicity and ecotoxicity. At the same time, world production of rare earth elements has doubled every 15 years over the last half-century, and high environmental concentrations of gadolinium and lanthanum have already been found. The current review aims to give some estimates of overall exposures and an initial in-depth appraisal of thresholds for effects on agricultural soil. The results are envisaged to be used in initial assessments of agricultural soil where the natural concentrations have been anthropogenically enhanced. Methods: An extensive review has been made of available scientific literature. Criteria have been established for the selection and analysis of eligible research. For instance, only effects on soils with vegetation have been included in the assessment of biological effects. A species sensitivity distribution based on 25% inhibition of organism functions has been used to establish thresholds for effects on soil organisms. Results: Around the year 2000, mean anthropogenic contributions of lanthanides in European soil regions were at most a few per cent of the total soil content. Since then, they should have increased considerably. The proposed hypothetical threshold for agricultural soils is 1125 mg total rare earth element per kg of soil. This threshold is about 8 times the natural soil concentration. Conclusions: If this result holds up to scrutiny, it implies that general anthropogenic pollution by rare earth elements will not be a threat to agricultural sustainability for the coming generation. A preliminary assessment suggests that this threshold would also protect humans from adverse effects due to secondary exposure.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Precipitation of Rare Earth Elements with Various Precipitants

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth N. Han
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Selective Leaching ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Selective Precipitation ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Positive Effect

The effective and selective leaching of rare earth elements (REEs) from various sources is frequently possible in practice by adopting a carefully coordinated strategy incorporating a selective precipitation of these elements from undesired ones in solution. In this study, the behavior of chemical precipitation of REEs with commonly used precipitants such as sulfate, carbonate, fluoride, phosphate, and oxalate was examined using thermodynamic principles and calculations. It was found that the pH of the system has a profound effect on determining particular chemical species of precipitants, which are subsequently responsible for the precipitation of REEs. The role of various anions such as Cl−, NO3−, and SO42− derived from the acid used in the leaching process on the precipitation behavior of REEs was examined. These anions form complexes with REEs and display a very positive effect on the precipitation behavior. The nitrate environment exhibits most conducive to precipitation followed by sulfate and then chloride.

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