Studies on the Biological Effects of Rare Earth Elements. V. Relationship between the Concentration of Rare Earth Elements and 9 Minerals in Various Organs in the Rat after Intravenous Administration of Dy, Eu, Yb and Y by Low or High Dose.

The present article is a review study on the types of rare earth elements (REEs), environmental and biological effects as well as the sources of emission of these elements as pollution in nature. The purpose of this study is to provide a vision in environmental planning and control of pollution caused by REEs. The evaluation of rare earth elements was studied in human life and its environmental and biological effects, which have particular importance and are entering the life cycle through industrial and mining pollution sources. Since mining activities intensify the dispersion of these elements in the environment and the existence of industrial factories located around urban drainage system plays a unique role in creating and spreading pollution caused by rare earth elements; As a result, two case studies were conducted on two mining and industrial areas. The first case is the Choghart mine in Yazd province as an example of mining pollution,and the second case study is performed on the Kor river as an example of industrial pollution which is caused by industrial activities around it, Then the results are well explained to show both two environments of litho and hydro. Due to this fact that produced environmental pollution can cause exchange pollutant compounds with the surrounding environment besides its long-lasting destructive effects; It can cause irreversible biological effects on living organisms. By targeting this evaluation, several techniques can be proposed to prevent the entry and dispersal of rare earth elements from pollution sources besides methods to reduce the damage of these elements to the ecosystem.

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Studies on the biological effects of rare earth elements. I. Method for analysis of dysprosium(Dy), europium(Eu), ytterbium(Yb)and yttrium(Y)from the biological materials.

Eisei kagaku ◽

10.1248/jhs1956.37.28 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 28-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

YUMIKO NAKAMURA ◽

YUKARI HASEGAWA ◽

YASUHIDE TONOGAI ◽

MASAFUMI KANAMOTO ◽

NAOHIRO TSUBOI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Biological Materials

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The Accumulation and Metabolism Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Sprague–Dawley Rats

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17041399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1399

Author(s):

Bing Cao ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Changlian Xu ◽

Yan Chen ◽

Qing Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Dose Group ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Hormetic Effect ◽

Different Doses

The current study aims to investigate the influence of five rare earth elements (REEs) (i.e., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), and gadolinium (Gd)) on the growth of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, and to explore the accumulation characteristics of REEs in tissues and organs with different doses as well as the detoxification and elimination of high-dose REEs. Fifty healthy male SD rats (140~160 g) were randomly divided into five groups and four of them were given gavage of sodium citrate solution with REEs in different doses, one of which was the control group. Hair, blood, and bone samples along with specific viscera tissue samples from the spleen and the liver were collected for detection of REEs by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Treated rats expressed higher concentrations of REEs in the bones, the liver, and spleen samples than the control group (P < 0.05). Few differences were found in relative abundance of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd in the hair and the liver samples, although different administration doses were given. The relative abundance of Ce in bone samples was significantly lower in the low-dose group and control group, whereas the relative abundance of La and Pr in the bone samples were highest among all groups. Although in the REEs solution, which was given to rats in high-dose group, the La element had a higher relative abundance than Ce element, it ended up with higher Ce element relative abundance than La element in the spleen samples. REEs had a hormetic effect on body weight gain of SD rats. The accumulation of the measured REEs were reversible to low concentrations in the blood and hair, but non-reversible in the bones, the spleen, and the liver. Different tissues and organs can selectively absorb and accumulate REEs. Further inter-disciplinary studies about REEs are urgently needed to identify their toxic effects on both ecosystems and organisms.

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Hypothetical Soil Thresholds for Biological Effects of Rare Earth Elements

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v13n5p1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Gunnar Bengtsson

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Limited Information ◽

Anthropogenic Contributions ◽

Year 2000

Objectives: Anthropogenic exposures to rare earth elements are poorly known and there is limited information on their toxicity and ecotoxicity. At the same time, world production of rare earth elements has doubled every 15 years over the last half-century, and high environmental concentrations of gadolinium and lanthanum have already been found. The current review aims to give some estimates of overall exposures and an initial in-depth appraisal of thresholds for effects on agricultural soil. The results are envisaged to be used in initial assessments of agricultural soil where the natural concentrations have been anthropogenically enhanced. Methods: An extensive review has been made of available scientific literature. Criteria have been established for the selection and analysis of eligible research. For instance, only effects on soils with vegetation have been included in the assessment of biological effects. A species sensitivity distribution based on 25% inhibition of organism functions has been used to establish thresholds for effects on soil organisms. Results: Around the year 2000, mean anthropogenic contributions of lanthanides in European soil regions were at most a few per cent of the total soil content. Since then, they should have increased considerably. The proposed hypothetical threshold for agricultural soils is 1125 mg total rare earth element per kg of soil. This threshold is about 8 times the natural soil concentration. Conclusions: If this result holds up to scrutiny, it implies that general anthropogenic pollution by rare earth elements will not be a threat to agricultural sustainability for the coming generation. A preliminary assessment suggests that this threshold would also protect humans from adverse effects due to secondary exposure.

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