Vertical wind velocity measurements by a Doppler lidar and comparisons with a Doppler sodar

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Congeduti ◽  
G. Fiocco ◽  
A. Adriani ◽  
C. Guarrella
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Doppler Sodar ◽  
Vertical Wind Velocity

scholarly journals Measurements of Rainfall Velocity and Raindrop Size Distribution Using Coherent Doppler Lidar

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1949-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Aoki ◽  
Hironori Iwai ◽  
Katsuhiro Nakagawa ◽  
Shoken Ishii ◽  
Kohei Mizutani
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Doppler Spectrum ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
Stratiform Rain ◽  
Raindrop Size Distribution ◽  
Raindrop Size ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Vertical Wind Velocity

AbstractRainfall velocity, raindrop size distribution (DSD), and vertical wind velocity were simultaneously observed with 2.05- and 1.54-μm coherent Doppler lidars during convective and stratiform rain events. A retrieval method is based on identifying two separate spectra from the convolution of the aerosol and precipitation Doppler lidar spectra. The vertical wind velocity was retrieved from the aerosol spectrum peak and then the terminal rainfall velocity corrected by the vertical air motion from the precipitation spectrum peak was obtained. The DSD was derived from the precipitation spectrum using the relationship between the raindrop size and the terminal rainfall velocity. A comparison of the 1-min-averaged rainfall velocity from Doppler lidar measurements at a minimum range and that from a collocated ground-based optical disdrometer revealed high correlation coefficients of over 0.89 for both convective and stratiform rain events. The 1-min-averaged DSDs retrieved from the Doppler lidar spectrum using parametric and nonparametric methods are also in good agreement with those measured with the optical disdrometer with a correlation coefficient of over 0.80 for all rain events. To retrieve the DSD, the parametric method assumes a mathematical function for the DSD and the nonparametric method computes the direct deconvolution of the measured Doppler lidar spectrum without assuming a DSD function. It is confirmed that the Doppler lidar can retrieve the rainfall velocity and DSD during relatively heavy rain, whereas the ratio of valid data significantly decreases in light rain events because it is extremely difficult to separate the overlapping rain and aerosol peaks in the Doppler spectrum.

scholarly journals Vertical wind velocity measurements using a five-hole probe with remotely piloted aircraft to study aerosol–cloud interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2583-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radiance Calmer ◽  
Gregory C. Roberts ◽  
Jana Preissler ◽  
Kevin J. Sanchez ◽  
Solène Derrien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Remotely Piloted Aircraft ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Aerosol Cloud Interactions ◽  
Vertical Wind Velocity

Abstract. The importance of vertical wind velocities (in particular positive vertical wind velocities or updrafts) in atmospheric science has motivated the need to deploy multi-hole probes developed for manned aircraft in small remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). In atmospheric research, lightweight RPAs (< 2.5 kg) are now able to accurately measure atmospheric wind vectors, even in a cloud, which provides essential observing tools for understanding aerosol–cloud interactions. The European project BACCHUS (impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holistic UnderStanding) focuses on these specific interactions. In particular, vertical wind velocity at cloud base is a key parameter for studying aerosol–cloud interactions. To measure the three components of wind, a RPA is equipped with a five-hole probe, pressure sensors, and an inertial navigation system (INS). The five-hole probe is calibrated on a multi-axis platform, and the probe–INS system is validated in a wind tunnel. Once mounted on a RPA, power spectral density (PSD) functions and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) derived from the five-hole probe are compared with sonic anemometers on a meteorological mast. During a BACCHUS field campaign at Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station (Ireland), a fleet of RPAs was deployed to profile the atmosphere and complement ground-based and satellite observations of physical and chemical properties of aerosols, clouds, and meteorological state parameters. The five-hole probe was flown on straight-and-level legs to measure vertical wind velocities within clouds. The vertical velocity measurements from the RPA are validated with vertical velocities derived from a ground-based cloud radar by showing that both measurements yield model-simulated cloud droplet number concentrations within 10 %. The updraft velocity distributions illustrate distinct relationships between vertical cloud fields in different meteorological conditions.

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