Surface characterization techniques for determining the root-mean-square roughness and power spectral densities of optical components

ABSTRACT Black hole transients are known to undergo spectral transitions that form q-shaped tracks on a hardness intensity diagram. In this work, we use the archival Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer data to extract a characteristic minimal time-scale for the spectral states in GX 339−4 for the 2002–2003 and 2010 outbursts. We use the extracted time-scale to construct an intensity variability diagram for each outburst. This new diagram is comparable to the traditional hardness intensity diagram and offers the potential for probing the underlying dynamics associated with the evolution of the relevant emission regions in black hole transients. We confirm this possibility by connecting the minimal time-scale with the inner disc radius, Rin (estimated from spectral fits), and demonstrate a positive correlation between these variables as the system evolves through its spectral transitions. Furthermore, we probe the relation between the minimal time-scale and the break frequencies extracted from the power spectral densities. Lastly, we examine a possible link between the extracted time-scale and a traditional measure of variability, i.e. the root mean square, determined directly from the power spectra.

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Submicron Roughness Determination at the Si-SiO2 Interface and Correlations to Prccessing Steps and Electronic Properties

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-105-247 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Peter O. Hahn ◽

I. Lampert ◽

A. Schnegg

Keyword(s):

Electronic Properties ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Surface Characterization ◽

Scattered Light ◽

Laser Beams ◽

Root Mean Square Roughness ◽

Mean Square ◽

Optical Surface ◽

Correlation Lengths ◽

Characterization Technique

AbstractA newly developed optical surface characterization technique using the diffuse scattered light of two laser beams will be presented. The method determines root-mean-square roughness values (RMS) of surfaces down to 1 Å and corresponding correlation lengths in the submicron area.

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Transmission of lateral vibrations to children during car traveling and possibilities for their reduction

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201928703007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 287 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

Nikolay Pavlov ◽

Evgeni Sokolov ◽

Emil Iontchev ◽

Rossen Miletiev ◽

Mihail Peychev

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Tilt Angle ◽

Lateral Acceleration ◽

Mean Square ◽

Special Design ◽

Lateral Vibrations ◽

Road Section ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Power Spectral Densities ◽

Technical Solutions

The publication addresses the need for technical solutions to reduce the transmission of lateral vibrations to passengers, especially children traveling by car in a child seat. A special design of a pendulum type tilting child seat has been proposed. Results of road trial conducted on a specific mountain road section are shown. The differences in the values of lateral accelerations acting on a child traveling in a conventional and in a tilting seat are given. The power spectral densities of lateral accelerations for both types of child seats are presented and compared. The root mean square values of lateral acceleration are given. Results for the values of the seat tilt angle are presented.

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An imaging system detectivity metric using energy and power spectral densities

10.1117/12.2223849 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bradley L. Preece ◽

David Haefner ◽

Georges Nehmetallah

Keyword(s):

Imaging System ◽

Spectral Densities ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Power Spectral Densities

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Analysis of power spectral densities of electrocardiograms

Mathematical Biosciences ◽

10.1016/0025-5564(71)90072-1 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Vrudhula K. Murthy ◽

L. Julian Haywood ◽

John Richardson ◽

Robert Kalaba ◽

Steven Salzberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Densities ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Power Spectral Densities

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Delta and Theta waves in Super Consciousness Meditation.

10.31234/osf.io/pebxu ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anil Kumar Bheemaiah

Keyword(s):

Average Power ◽

Spectral Densities ◽

Theta Wave ◽

Convolutional Networks ◽

Theta Waves ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Power Spectral Densities ◽

Lyapunov Coefficient ◽

Fmri Time Series ◽

Power Densities

Study on Kundalini Meditation of Super-conscious Meditation of the Himalayan Tradition and Sahaja Meditation, to determine the average power spectral densities and power ratios of TP9, AF7, AF8, and TP10, electrodes and two ear electrodes on a Muse Headset.These parameters are used to create quantitative criteria to indicate degree of meditation and to create a trigger for bird chirp events.We find an increase in Delta and Theta wave power densities, in the deep meditation state as compared to the initiation and restful states. keywords: Kundalini, super consciousness, neurosky, muse, chakra based meditation, alpha to beta ratio, delta to beta ratio, power spectral densities, differential power spectral densities, fMRi, time series, iD convolutional networks. Lyapunov coefficient

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Autocovariance functions, root-mean-square-roughness height, and autocovariance length for rough deposits of copper, silver, and gold

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.25.2315 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 2315-2323 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

G. Rasigni ◽

F. Varnier ◽

M. Rasigni ◽

J. P. Palmari ◽

A. Llebaria

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Roughness Height ◽

Root Mean Square Roughness ◽

Mean Square

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The Quantification of Microwear on Chipped Stone Tools: Assessing the Effectiveness of Root Mean Square Roughness (Rq)

Lithic Technology ◽

10.1080/01977261.2008.11721067 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 173-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

W. James Stemp ◽

Ben E. Childs ◽

Samuel Vionnet ◽

Christopher A. Brown

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Stone Tools ◽

Root Mean Square Roughness ◽

Mean Square ◽

Chipped Stone

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Analysis of earth motions and seismic sources by power spectral density

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America ◽

10.1785/bssa0590031071 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 1071-1091

Author(s):

Dean V. Power

Keyword(s):

Spectral Density ◽

Power Spectral Density ◽

High Explosive ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Test Site ◽

Nevada Test Site ◽

Spectral Densities ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Power Spectral Densities ◽

Velocity Spectra

abstract Ground motion records from six high-explosive cratering events in northeastern Montana, ten contained nuclear explosive events at the Nevada Test Site, and motions of an earth-fill dam during the Gasbuggy underground nuclear explosion in New Mexico were analyzed for power spectral density, peak velocity and velocity spectra. The high-explosive events included four 20-ton single charges at depths of burst which varied between 42 to 57 feet, a 140-ton row charge consisting of three 20-ton and two 40-ton charges at optimum cratering depths of burst, and a 0.5-ton charge at the optimum depth of burst. It was found that at these depths and charge weights an increase in depth of burst resulted in an increase in peak velocities and power-spectral densities as measured at distant points (> 5 km). Power spectral density was found to be approximately proportional to the first power of yield. For this region it was determined that power spectral density varied inversely as radial distance to the 3.55 power. Three analysis techniques—peak velocity, velocity spectra and power spectral density—are compared, and it is shown that power spectral density is the most consistent method when comparing records from different measuring stations. An analysis of power-spectral density measured at one station for the ten events at the Nevada Test Site shows that a significant shift in the frequency of the energy in the seismogram occurs when the source location changes. For events in the Yucca Flat area the peak energy at Mercury was consistently at 1.0 Hz, while for events in the Pahute Mesa area this peak occurs at 2.5 Hz. A comparison of the power spectral densities on and near the Navajo Dam revealed that the natural frequencies and first harmonics of the dam are 1.4, 2.0 and 2.5 Hz in the mode where motion is parallel to the canyon axis. A simple model makes use of these frequencies to calculate a shear-wave velocity of 1130 ft/sec. A method of using power spectral density to measure earthquake magnitudes and measure the yield of underground explosions is proposed.

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