The development of a hydrogen-fueled engine using an external mixture (e.g., using port injection) with high efficiency and high power is dependent on the control of backfire. This work has developed a method to control backfire by reducing the valve overlap period. For this goal, a single-cylinder hydrogen-fueled research engine with a mechanical continuous variable valve timing (MCVVT) system was developed. This facility provides a wide range of valve overlap periods that can be continuously and independently varied during firing operation. In experiments, the behavior of backfire occurrence and engine performance are determined as functions of the valve overlap period for fuel-air equivalence ratios between 0.25 and 1.2. The results showed that the research engine with the MCVVT system has similar performance to a conventional engine, and is especially effective in controlling the valve overlap period. The obtained results demonstrate that decreasing the valve overlap period may be one of the methods for controlling backfire in a H engine. Also, a method for compensating performance loss due to shortened valve overlap period is recommended.
High-speed free-space optical continuous-variable quantum key distribution enabled by three-dimensional multiplexing
