Near-Infrared Combination and Overtone Bands of CH in CHX3, CHX2—CHX2, and CHX2—CX2—CHX2

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reikichi Iwamoto ◽  
Akishi Nara ◽  
Toshihiko Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combination Bands ◽  
Deformation Modes

In the present report we studied spectral characteristics of the near-infrared combination and overtone bands of CH vibrations of a CH sequence. The near-infrared bands of the CH in CHX3 (X, halogen), which were interpreted in terms of the CH stretching and CH deformation fundamentals without any ambiguity, typically showed how the frequency and intensity of a combination or an overtone depend on the vibrational excited state. In the CH–C–CH of CHX2CX2CHX2, the vibrations of one CH are isolated from those of the other CH, and the combination and overtone bands were similarly interpreted as those of the CH, although each of the combination bands was split into two because of non-degeneracy of the CH deformation. In the CH–CH of CHX2CHX2, the CH deformations only have coupled modes. The first combination showed four narrowly separate bands, which were reasonably interpreted on the basis of the CH stretching and the coupled CH deformation modes. We demonstrated that the first combination of coupled modes as well as the combination of up to, at least, the third order of isolated modes have the nature of the characteristic bands.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE THIRD-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THREE METAL-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENGFEI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Heavy Atom ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Optical Limiting ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Planar Transition

The third-order optical nonlinearities of three planar transition metal ( Ni, Cu and Pd ) compounds with rigid quadridentate Schiff base derived from S-benzyl dithiocarbazate, were investigated systematically by Z-scan technique with picosecond laser pulses at 1064 nm. The three compounds exhibit both strong two-photon absorption and effective self-focusing performance. Due to the heavy atom effect, the second hyperpolarizability of PdZ molecule (〈γ〉 = 1.2 × 10-29 esu) was found to be the highest compared to that of the other two molecules. The optical limiting properties were also measured, and the results suggest that PdZ may be a promising candidate for the application to optical limiting in the near-infrared region.

Excited state dynamics of the third-order nonlinear optical response in diphenylhexatriene

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Rodenberger ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
Rui-Fang Shi ◽  
Qihou L. Zhou ◽  
Anthony F. Garito
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Optical Response ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Response ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Excited State Dynamics ◽  
The Third

The motion of slow positive ions in gases - Mobilities of ions in argon

1966 ◽  
Vol 259 (1100) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Keyword(s):  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Gas Molecules

This second slower group was resolved only in the third order maxima and was present in such small numbers that its mobility could not be accurately determined. Nevertheless, when the two groups of ion are resolved in this way the correct value is obtained for the mobility of the majority group. The lower values of mobility, sometimes found when the first and second order maxima were used, were due to the perturbation of the peaks of the majority group by the unresolved minority group. This minority group had a lower drift velocity than the other group and was seen to become more predominant as the conditions were altered so that the number of collisions between the faster ions and the gas molecules was increased.

scholarly journals I. On curvature and orthogonal surfaces

1873 ◽  
Vol 21 (139-147) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Orthogonal System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Partial Differential ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject

The principal object of the present Memoir is the establishment of the partial differential equation of the third order satisfied by the parameter of a family of surfaces belonging to a triple orthogonal system. It was first remarked by Bouquet that a given family of surfaces does not in general belong to an orthogonal system, but that (in order to its doing so) a condition must be satisfied: it was afterwards shown by Serret that the condition is that the parameter considered as a function of the coordinates must satisfy a partial differential equation of the third older, this equation was not obtained by him or the other French geometers engaged on the subject, although methods of obtaining it, essentially equivalent but differing in form, were given by Darboux and Levy.

Rotational Structure in the (2,0) Band of the C2 Δ3/2–X2 Π1/2 Subsystem of SbO

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Rai ◽  
B. Rai ◽  
D. K. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Rotational Structure ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Rotational Constants ◽  
The Third ◽  
Concave Grating ◽  
Combining States

The rotational structure in (2,0) band of C2Δ3/2–X2Π1/2 subsystem of SbO molecule has been photographed in the third order of a 35 ft concave grating spectrograph, and the rotational constants of the two combining states have been determined. It is found that the new rotational constants for the ground state are in agreement with those reported by Rai et al., but the constants for the excited state differ appreciably from those reported earlier by Rao and Rao. A small λ-type doubling (≈4.0 × 10−6 cm−1) is observed in the excited state. The isotopic lines due to 123SbO have also been observed.

The Finite Screw System Associated With the Displacement of a Line

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintien Huang ◽  
Jin-Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Exceptional Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Analytical Geometry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linearly Independent ◽  
Finite Displacement ◽  
Definition Of

In determining the screw systems associated with incompletely specified displacements, the displacement of a line was known to be an exceptional case. Recent research has concluded that all possible screws for the finite displacement of a line do not form a screw system. This paper utilizes Dimentberg’s definition of pitch to demonstrate that all possible screws for displacing a line from one position to another can indeed form a screw system of the third order. Two different approaches are taken: one uses the concept of a screw triangle, and the other is based on analytical geometry. A set of three linearly independent screws of the screw system is shown to be perpendicularly intersecting the external bisector of the initial and final positions of the line.

scholarly journals Desempenho de cultivares de mamona no Semiárido paraibano: componentes de crescimento e teor de óleo

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
R. R. A. Lacerda ◽  
A. S. Souza ◽  
G. F. Frutado ◽  
I. S. Queiroga ◽  
W. A. Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growth Production

<p>A cultura da mamona vem despontando como uma das principais matérias-primas, para produção de óleo, especialmente no Nordeste, todavia muitos fatores têm dificultado o estabelecimento dessa lavoura em novas áreas dentre os quais destacam-se a falta de cultivares adaptadas a cada região de cultivo. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar cultivares de mamona com adaptação ao sertão paraibano. O trabalho foi conduzido no Sítio Monte Alegre zona rural do município de Pombal - PB, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com sete tratamentos compostos pelos cultivares BRS Nordestina; BRS Paraguaçu; BRS Energia; AL Guarany-2002; IAC 2028; IAC Guarany e IAC 80, com quatro repetições, foram avaliadas as características de crescimento e teor de óleo nas sementes. Dos resultados registrou-se maior valor de comprimento do racemo as cultivares IAC 80 e IAC 2028, considerando as médias dos racemos até a 3ª ordem, para as características de massa e número de frutos por racemos foi constatado que a IAC 80 superou estatisticamente as demais cultivares, o maior teor de óleo nas sementes foi observado na cultivar BRS Energia que também conferiu maior rendimento de óleo entre as sete cultivares. Apesar disso, acredita-se que novos estudos devem ser realizados em diferentes épocas e formas de manejo para se identificar com maior precisão qual cultivar melhor se adapta a região.</p><p><strong><em>Performance cultivars castor bean cultivars in Semiarid Paraiba: components of growth and oil content</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Currently the culture of castor has emerged as a of the main raw material for the production of oil, especially in the Northeast, however many factors has hampered the establishment of this tilth in new areas among which is the lack of cultivars adapted to each region of cultivation. This study was developed with the objective of identify castor’s cultivars with adaptation to the Paraíba Sertão. The study was conducted on Sítio Monte Alegre countryside of municipality of Pombal - PB, the experimental design was the of random blocks with seven treatments composed by BRS Northeastern; Paraguaçu BRS; BRS Energy; Guarany AL-2002, IAC 2028, IAC Guarany and IAC 80, with four replications were evaluated characteristics of growth, production, yield and oil content in the seeds. From the results was registrated a higher From the results recorded was greater value of the length of cluster IAC 80 and IAC cultivars in 2028, considering the averages of racemes up to the third order, the characteristics of mass and number of fruits per raceme was found that 80 IAC statistically outperformed the other cultivars, the higher oil content in seeds was observed in BRS Energy also gave higher oil yield among the seven cultivars. Nevertheless, we believe that further studies should be performedat different times and forms of management to identify with greater precision farming which best fits the region.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Nonlinear Spectroscopy in the Condensed Phase: The Role of Duschinsky Rotations and Third Order Cumulant Contributions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Zuehlsdorff ◽  
Hanbo Hong ◽  
Liang Shi ◽  
Christine Isborn
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Order Term ◽  
Optical Spectra ◽  
Cumulant Expansion ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mode Mixing

First-principles modeling of nonlinear optical spectra in the condensed phase is highly challenging because both environment and vibronic interactions can play a large role in determining spectral shapes and excited state dynamics. Here, we compute two dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals based on a cumulant expansion of the energy gap fluctuation operator, with a specific focus on analyzing mode mixing effects introduced by the Duschinsky rotation and the role of the third order term in the cumulant expansion for both model and realistic condensed phase systems. We show that for a harmonic model system, the third order cumulant correction captures effects introduced by a mismatch in curvatures of ground and excited state potential energy surfaces, as well as effects of mode mixing. We also demonstrate that 2DES signals can be accurately reconstructed from purely classical correlation functions using quantum correction factors. We then compute nonlinear optical spectra for the Nile red and Methylene blue chromophores in solution, assessing the third order cumulant contribution for realistic systems. We show that the third order cumulant correction is strongly dependent on the treatment of the solvent environment, revealing the interplay between environmental polarization and the electronic-vibrational coupling.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Spectroscopy in the Condensed Phase: The Role of Duschinsky Rotations and Third Order Cumulant Contributions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Zuehlsdorff ◽  
Hanbo Hong ◽  
Liang Shi ◽  
Christine Isborn
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Order Term ◽  
Optical Spectra ◽  
Cumulant Expansion ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mode Mixing

First-principles modeling of nonlinear optical spectra in the condensed phase is highly challenging because both environment and vibronic interactions can play a large role in determining spectral shapes and excited state dynamics. Here, we compute two dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals based on a cumulant expansion of the energy gap fluctuation operator, with a specific focus on analyzing mode mixing effects introduced by the Duschinsky rotation and the role of the third order term in the cumulant expansion for both model and realistic condensed phase systems. We show that for a harmonic model system, the third order cumulant correction captures effects introduced by a mismatch in curvatures of ground and excited state potential energy surfaces, as well as effects of mode mixing. We also demonstrate that 2DES signals can be accurately reconstructed from purely classical correlation functions using quantum correction factors. We then compute nonlinear optical spectra for the Nile red and Methylene blue chromophores in solution, assessing the third order cumulant contribution for realistic systems. We show that the third order cumulant correction is strongly dependent on the treatment of the solvent environment, revealing the interplay between environmental polarization and the electronic-vibrational coupling.

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