Correction: Impacts of Agricultural Practices on Insecticide Resistance in the Malaria Vector Anopheles arabiensis in Khartoum State, Sudan

Control of malaria vectors in Yemen relies on both indoor residual spraying using carbamate (bendiocarb) and long-lasting pyrethroids-treated nets. This paper reports the results of studies conducted to monitor the insecticide resistance of the main malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis, to the insecticides currently used in the vector control in four different locations. Susceptibility tests were performed following the WHO test procedures. Two pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05% and deltamethrin 0.05%) and one carbamate (bendiocarb 0.1%) were tested at diagnostic doses (DD). The five-fold DD of lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin (0.25%) were also used to yield information on the intensity of resistance. Besides, tests with synergists were performed to assess the involvement of detoxifying enzyme in the phenotypic resistance of the populations of An. arabiensis to pyrethroids. The results of the performed susceptibility bioassay showed that the vector is susceptible to bendiocarb and resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin in the four studied areas. The pyrethroids resistance is solely metabolic. This information could help policy-makers to plan insecticide resistance management. Bendiocarb is still an effective insecticide in the form of IRS. Concerning LLINS, it would be interesting to assess their effectiveness, combining a pyrethroid with PBO for the control of the pyrethroid-resistant malaria vector.

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Anopheles arabiensis: abundance and insecticide resistance in an irrigated area of eastern Sudan

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2004.10.1-2.167 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (1-2) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Y. El S. Himeidan ◽

M. Y. Dukeen ◽

El A. El Rayah ◽

I. Adam

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Anopheles Arabiensis ◽

Irrigated Area ◽

The Mean ◽

Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane ◽

Eastern Sudan

The abundance of Anopheles arabiensis and its susceptibility to insecticides was studied in New Halfa, eastern Sudan, from March 1999 to June 2000. Of 4854 females anophelines collected, 4847 [99.9%] were An. arabiensis and 7 [0.1%] An. pharoensis. Female An. arabiensis were breeding throughout the year, with 2 peak densities, during the rainy [158.4 females/room/day and 84.7 larvae/10 dips] and irrigated seasons [136.8 females/room/day and 44.8 larvae/10 dips]. The mean biting activity was 28.8 bites/person/ night, found throughout the night, mainly outdoors. Susceptibility of An. arabiensis to insecticides dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane [DDT], malathion and fenitrothion was 97.8%, 96.3% and 100% respectively. An. arabiensis is the sole malaria vector in the area and is perennial rather than seasonal

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Insecticide resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis in Mamfene, KwaZulu-Natal

South African Journal of Science ◽

10.17159/sajs.2015/20150261 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Basil D. Brooke ◽

Leanne Robertson ◽

Maria L. Kaiser ◽

Eric Raswiswi ◽

Givemore Munhenga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insecticide Resistance ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Anopheles Arabiensis ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

National Malaria Control Programme ◽

Control Programme ◽

Malaria Control Programme ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Outdoor Resting

Abstract The control of malaria vector mosquitoes in South Africa’s affected provinces is primarily based on indoor spraying of long-lasting residual insecticides. The primary vectors in South Africa are Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus. South Africa’s National Malaria Control Programme has adopted a malaria elimination agenda and has scaled up vector control activities accordingly. However, despite these plans, local transmission continues and is most likely because of outdoor feeding by populations of An. arabiensis. An outdoor Anopheles surveillance system has been set up in three sections of the Mamfene district in northern KwaZulu- Natal in order to assess the extent of outdoor resting An. arabiensis in Mamfene and to assess the current insecticide susceptibility status of this population. According to WHO criteria, the An. arabiensis samples tested showed evidence of resistance to deltamethrin (pyrethroid), DDT (organochlorine) and bendiocarb (carbamate), and full susceptibility to the organophosphates pirimiphos-methyl and fenitrothion. Pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide completely nullified the deltamethrin resistance otherwise evident in these samples, supporting previous studies implicating monooxygenase-based detoxification as the primary mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. The data presented here affirm the presence of pyrethroid and DDT resistance previously detected in this population and also indicate the comparatively recent emergence of resistance to the carbamate insecticide bendiocarb. These data show that special attention and commitment needs to be given to the principles of insecticide resistance management as well as to investigations into alternative control techniques designed to target outdoor-resting An. arabiensis in northern KwaZulu-Natal.

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