Breaking the Hybrid–Species Barrier

The photoinduced intercomponent electron transfer in multi-chromophoric species comprising perylene bisimide (PBI) and Ru(ii)/Os(ii) polypyridine units were studied.

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RECENT UPDATES ON MOLECULAR DETECTION OF H9N2 AS LOW PATHOGENIC STRAIN OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUS FROM POULTRY FARMS OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Agrobiological Records ◽

10.47278/journal.abr/2020.029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Muhammad Mubeen Sajjad ◽

Majeeda Rasheed

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Avian Influenza ◽

Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Egg Production ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Economic Losses ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Species Barrier ◽

Ha Gene ◽

Primer Sets

H9N2 avian influenza outbreaks have caused great economic losses to the poultry industry in recent decades due to a decrease of egg production, high morbidity, and mortality. Due to different antigenic variants, Influenza virus has become problematical because it has the ability to cross the species barrier. As it is highly pathogenic so its diagnosis and vaccines are of high importance. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is mostly used for subtyping and detection of antibody titer against the virus. Furthermore, its continuous mutations in the HA gene transforms AIV subtype H9N2 (a low pathogenic subtype) into high pathogenic virus subtypes like H5N2 and H7N7 that may have pandemic potential. Thus, it is necessary to identify various antigenic variants of Influenza virus, so it is direly needed to study the HA gene, its attachment to host receptors, the release of genetic material and pathogenicity. In the present study, virus samples from poultry were isolated. Both serological and molecular confirmation was done for 100 samples collected from the different area. They were properly labeled and prepared for the process of egg inoculation in embryonated eggs. The virus was grown in amnioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs and harvested fluid is then proceeded for confirmatory testing. Hemagglutination and Hemagglutination inhibition testing was done. RNA was extracted by the kit method and cDNA was synthesized. Reverse transcriptase (RTPCR) was performed using specific primer sets and then the PCR product was run on agarose gel. The bands obtained were sent for sequencing.

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Phenology of the production of flowers and fruits of wild and hybrid species of the genus Passiflora

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018188 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danilo Akio de Sousa Esashika ◽

Fábio Gelape Faleiro ◽

Nilton Tadeu Vilela Junqueira

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Wild Species ◽

High Potential ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Brazilian Savanna ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Hybrid Species ◽

Floral Buds ◽

Sour Passion Fruit

Abstract Wild species of passion fruit have characteristics that could be used in the passiflora culture, among them the production of fruits in the off-season of the sour passion fruit. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenology of flowers and fruits production in wild species cultivated in the Brazilian Savanna Central Region. For each access, a 1-meter-long strip (2 m2) was evaluated for the presence of flowers and fruits from January 2015 to December 2016. The hybrid and wild species of passiflora that produce floral buds, flowers and fruits during the off-season of passion fruit sour include: BRS Céu do Cerrado (P. incarnata x P. edulis), P. alata Dryand, P. bahiensis Klotzsch, P. coccinea Aubl., P. maliformis L., P. quadriglandulosa Rodschied, P. auriculataKunth, P. decaisneana G. Nicholson, P. sidifolia M. Roem., P. suberosa L., P. tholozanii Sacco, P. quadrangularis x P. alata. It was also verified the presence of species and hybrids with high ornamental potential due to the beauty of their flowers and their production during the whole year, such as: P. suberosa L., P. tholozanii Sacco, P. coccinea x P. setacea, P. coccinea x P. quadrifaria. These species and hybrids have high potential for passiflora breeding programs as a source of genes of interest.

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Setting the table, not running it: An inclusive approach to access to healthy foods

Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development ◽

10.5304/jafscd.2021.104.026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

Karen Emmerman

Keyword(s):

Child Labor ◽

Low Income ◽

Food System ◽

Food Justice ◽

Healthy Foods ◽

Species Barrier ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Living Wages ◽

Inclusive Approach ◽

Access To Healthy Foods

Food Empowerment Project (F.E.P.) is a vegan food justice nonprofit in northern California. We focus on making a more just and sustainable food system for everyone involved. Since injustice in the food system crosses the species barrier, we work to connect the dots between the exploitation of human and nonhuman animals. We focus our efforts on four main areas: ending the use of animals in the food system, improving access to healthy foods in Black, Brown, and low-income communities, exposing the worst forms of child labor (including slavery) in the chocolate industry, and advocating for farmworker rights. These seemingly disparate areas have much in common: they are interlocking forms of oppression, marginalization, and domination in the food system. We recognize that the intersecting nature of oppression necessitates a nuanced response. For example, as an organization working on both farmworker justice and food apartheid, we cannot advocate for lowering the price of food as this would negatively impact produce workers who already suffer grave systemic injustice. Instead, we advocate for equality of access and living wages for everyone.[1] In this piece, we focus on our approach to the lack of access to healthy foods, and specifically our community-based efforts in Vallejo, California.

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Efficient interspecies transmission of synthetic prions

PLoS Pathogens ◽

10.1371/journal.ppat.1009765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. e1009765

Author(s):

Alyssa J. Block ◽

Ronald A. Shikiya ◽

Thomas E. Eckland ◽

Anthony E. Kincaid ◽

Ryan W. Walters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prion Disease ◽

Protein Misfolding ◽

Conformational Stability ◽

Cellular Protein ◽

Interspecies Transmission ◽

Species Barrier ◽

Single Strain ◽

Clinical Onset ◽

Bona Fide

Prions are comprised solely of PrPSc, the misfolded self-propagating conformation of the cellular protein, PrPC. Synthetic prions are generated in vitro from minimal components and cause bona fide prion disease in animals. It is unknown, however, if synthetic prions can cross the species barrier following interspecies transmission. To investigate this, we inoculated Syrian hamsters with murine synthetic prions. We found that all the animals inoculated with murine synthetic prions developed prion disease characterized by a striking uniformity of clinical onset and signs of disease. Serial intraspecies transmission resulted in a rapid adaptation to hamsters. During the adaptation process, PrPSc electrophoretic migration, glycoform ratios, conformational stability and biological activity as measured by protein misfolding cyclic amplification remained constant. Interestingly, the strain that emerged shares a strikingly similar transmission history, incubation period, clinical course of disease, pathology and biochemical and biological features of PrPSc with 139H, a hamster adapted form of the murine strain 139A. Combined, these data suggest that murine synthetic prions are comprised of bona fide PrPSc with 139A-like strain properties that efficiently crosses the species barrier and rapidly adapts to hamsters resulting in the emergence of a single strain. The efficiency and specificity of interspecies transmission of murine synthetic prions to hamsters, with relevance to brain derived prions, could be a useful model for identification of structure function relationships between PrPSc and PrPC from different species.

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Intraspecific genomic variation and local adaptation in a young hybrid species

10.1101/732313 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Angélica Cuevas ◽

Mark Ravinet ◽

Glenn-Peter Sætre ◽

Fabrice Eroukhmanoff

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Local Adaptation ◽

Climatic Variation ◽

Genomic Variation ◽

Population Divergence ◽

Parent Species ◽

Evolutionary Potential ◽

Variable Environment ◽

Hybrid Species ◽

Species Population

ABSTRACTHybridization increases genetic variation, hence hybrid species may have a strong evolutionary potential once their admixed genomes have stabilized and incompatibilities have been purged. Yet, little is known about how such hybrid lineages evolve at the genomic level following their formation, in particular the characteristics of their adaptive potential, i.e. constraints and facilitations of diversification. Here we investigate how the Italian sparrow (Passer italiae), a homoploid hybrid species, has evolved and locally adapted to its variable environment. Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) on several populations across the Italian peninsula, we evaluate how genomic constraints and novel genetic variation have influenced population divergence and adaptation. We show that population divergence within this hybrid species has evolved in response to climatic variation. As in non-hybrid species, climatic differences may even reduce gene flow between populations, suggesting ongoing local adaptation. We report outlier genes associated with adaptation to climatic variation, known to be involved in beak morphology in other species. Most of the strongly divergent loci among Italian sparrow populations seem not to be differentiated between its parent species, the house and Spanish sparrow. Within the parental species, population divergence has occurred mostly in loci where different alleles segregate in the parent species, unlike in the hybrid, suggesting that novel combinations of parental alleles in the hybrid have not necessarily enhanced its evolutionary potential. Rather, our study suggests that constraints linked to incompatibilities may have restricted the evolution of this admixed genome, both during and after hybrid species formation.

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Molecular Methods for the Detection of Natural Hybrids in Sturgeon Populations

Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research ◽

10.1515/trser-2015-0003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 65-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandru Burcea ◽

Iulia Elena Florescu ◽

Andreea Dudu ◽

Sergiu Emil Georgescu ◽

Marieta Costache

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Dna Markers ◽

Molecular Methods ◽

Hybrid Species ◽

Habitat Area ◽

Natural Hybrids ◽

Sturgeon Species ◽

Morphological Criteria ◽

Hybrid Sturgeon

Abstract Due to construction of the Iron Gates dams, the Lower Danube has suffered a decrease in sturgeon populations. The dams have decreased sturgeon habitat area, which in turn has caused an overlap of reproduction areas for all sturgeon species. The ease with which sturgeon species can create hybrid offsprings gave rise to an increase in the number of hybrid sturgeon species now found in the Lower Danube area. We propose a set of molecular methods for hybrid species using DNA markers represented by microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. This identification data and methodology is important for use on sturgeon farms due to the need to correctly identify species of sturgeons. Using the proposed methodologies, it is possible to avoid identification errors that might appear when using only morphological criteria to idenfy sturgeons

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Breaking a Species Barrier by Enabling Hybrid Recombination

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3696771 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

G. Ozan Bozdag ◽

Jasmine Ono ◽

Jai A. Denton ◽

Emre Karakoc ◽

Neil Hunter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Barrier

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