scholarly journals The Proprotein Convertase Encoded by amontillado (amon) Is Required in Drosophila Corpora Cardiaca Endocrine Cells Producing the Glucose Regulatory Hormone AKH

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e1000967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne M. Rhea ◽  
Christian Wegener ◽  
Michael Bender
2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. G242-G249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe G. Cammisotto ◽  
Diane Gingras ◽  
Christian Renaud ◽  
Emile Levy ◽  
Moïse Bendayan

Leptin is a hormone secreted by the gastric mucosa into the lumen of the stomach. It is present in its intact form in the intestine where it regulates nutrient absorption and intestinal mucosa integrity. We have identified the binding protein that protects leptin from the harsh conditions of the gastric juice. Immunoprecipitations and Western blot analyses demonstrated that leptin is present in the gastric mucosa and the gastric juice, bound to a protein corresponding to the extracellular domain of the leptin receptor. In the absence of this soluble receptor, leptin is rapidly degraded. Immunocytochemistry on rat gastric mucosa identified the cells and intracellular compartments involved in secretion of this complex. Leptin receptor extracellular domain and leptin are present along the rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-granules secretory pathways and form a complex in the secretory granules of Chief and specific endocrine cells. The long-form membrane leptin receptor OB-Rb, the protease activator furin, and proprotein convertase 7 were found in Chief cell granules but not in those of endocrine cells. The shedding of the receptor occurs in the immature granules. It is concluded that in the immature secretory granules of Chief cells, furin activates proprotein convertase 7 that, in turn, cleaves the extracellular portion of membrane-bound leptin receptors. Leptin bound to its soluble receptor forms a complex that is resistant to the gastric juice. Endocrine cells, on the other hand, generate a soluble leptin receptor by mechanisms different from those of the exocrine cells.


Author(s):  
O. Mikheeva ◽  
V. Fedyuk ◽  
M. Slozhenkina

In world practice biologically active drugs are widely used at different technological stages of rearing pigs, poultry and cattle. Special attention should be paid to bio-grugs obtained not as a result of chemical synthesis, but isolated from organs and tissues of healthy animals. Restoration of normal intestinal microflora of the animal is the basis of the concept of probiotics. Currently, probiotics are considered as endogenous intestinal microflora most often belonging to the group of lactobacilli, streptococci or bifidobacteria or as specific growth factors for them. Probiotics are selected according to certain criteria based on scientific knowledge of the physiology of intestinal microbiology, as well as animal nutrition. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of biological products on resistance, reproductive, fattening and meat productivity of pigs, on the quality of whole-muscle and fine-structured pork products; to develop a method of application of duodenum extract in combination with probiotics to increase the productivity of pigs. Studies on the effect of extracts derived from endocrine cells of the intestine, in combination with probiotics on the productivity of pigs of Large White breed and the quality of pork, as well as studied the effect of duodenins and probiotics in different concentrations on the protective properties of animal blood have been carried out. New methods of application of extracts of endocrine cells of intestines and probiotics for increase of meat productivity of animals and quality of pork have been offered. The use of bio-drugs increased the livability of young animals in all experimental groups from 1st to 4st by 3,51; 6,05; 4,95 and 5,90 %, respectively. There was an advantage in the amount of revenue from the sale of products of all experimental groups over the control one.


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