Persistent transmission of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale species in an area of declining Plasmodium falciparum transmission in eastern Tanzania

ABSTRACT Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite (class of Sporozoa) that attacks red blood cells. In indonesia, there are 4 (four) species of malaria parasites, namely Plasmodium falciparum as the cause of tropical malaria which often causes brain malaria with death, Plasmodium vivax as the cause of malaria tertiana, Plasmodium malariae as the cause of malaria quartana and Plasmodium ovale as the cause of ovale malaria. This study aims to determine the patient characteristics and treatment patterns in malaria patients at the inpatient installation of the Mimika District Hospital in period June – December 2018. This study was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection against 68 medical records of malaria patients who were hospitalized inclusion criteria. There were more men group than women, 41 patiensts (60,29%). Most of malaria patients are in the 0 – 5 year age group with 30 patients (44,12%). The most common type of malaria is uncomplicated vivax malaria 21 patients (33,82%). The most drug use of patients was Primaquin as many as 57 (83,82%) of 68 patients. The exact percentage of drug use for patients is 100%, right drug 89.71%, right dose 92.65%, timely 97.06% and right route 100%. Keywords : Malaria, Drug Utilization Study, Hospitalization. ABSTRAK Malaria merupakan penyakit menular disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium (kelas Sporozoa) yang menyerang sel darah merah. Di Indonesia dikenal 4 (empat) macam spesies parasit malaria yaitu Plasmodium falciparum sebagai penyebab malaria tropika yang sering menyebabkan malaria otak dengan kematian, Plasmodium vivax sebagai penyebab malaria tertiana, Plasmodium malariae sebagai penyebab malaria quartana dan Plasmodium ovale sebagai penyebab malaria ovale. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien dan pola pengobatan penyakit malaria pada pasien malaria di instalasi rawat inap RSUD Kabupaten Mimika periode bulan Juni – Desember 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif terhadap 68 data rekam medik pasien malaria rawat inap yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Jumlah pasien laki-laki lebih banyak dibandingkan perempuan yaitu sebanyak 41 pasien (60,29%). Pasien Malaria kebanyakan berada pada kelompok usia 0-5 tahun sebanyak 30 pasien (44,12%). Jenis malaria yang paling sering terjadi adalah Malaria vivax tanpa komplikasi sebanyak 23 pasien (33,82%). Penggunaan obat pasien paling banyak yaitu Primakuin sebanyak 57 (83,82%) dari total 68 pasien. Persentase ketepatan penggunaan obat yang tepat pasien 100%, tepat obat 89,71%, tepat dosis 92.65%, tepat waktu 97,06% dan tepat rute 100%. Kata kunci : Malaria, Studi Penggunaan Obat, Rawat Inap.

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Hacia un mundo libre de malaria: Utopía o realidad

Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental ◽

10.52808/bmsa.7e5.613.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 373-382

Author(s):

Alberto Sánchez Garrido

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Plasmodium Ovale ◽

Plasmodium Ovale Curtisi ◽

America Latina

La Malaria es una enfermedad causada por un parásito que se transmite a los humanos a través de la picadura de mosquito hembra Anophele. Reportando la WHO en el 2019, 229 millones de casos y 409.000 muertes por la enfermedad en 87 paises del mundo, Existen seis especies de este párasito: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale wallickeri, Plasmodium ovale curtisi, Plasmodium malariae y Plasmodium knowlesi. Siendo la especie P. falciparum la causante de mayor morbilidad, con tasa entre 10 y 50% de mortalidad por malaria complicada. Alrededor de 108 países han declarado la malaria como enfermedad endémica, pudiendo padecer la enfermedad en cualquier época del año. Sin embargo, en el caso de América Latina hoy en día se vive un estancamiento de la enfermedad, reportándose en países menos de 100 casos autóctonos entre el 2000 y 2019, con algunas excepciones. Esta situación de vulnerabilidad de países como Brasil, Colombia, la frontera Perú-Ecuador, Venezuela, se incrementan ante la presencia activa de la pandemia producto del Covid -19 aunado a restricciones económicas, incremento de la actividad minera, o políticas públicas que ponen en riesgo la sostenibilidad del programa de control de la enfermedad. Para el 2021 la OMS corrobora que existen 87 países con malaria a nivel mundial, de los cuales 24 de ellos habían interrumpido su transmisión autóctona por 3 años. Realidad que consolidad la propuesta tras la experiencia adquirida, que cualquiera que sea la situación epidemiológica de entrada, el trabajo hacia la erradicación de la malaria debe entenderse y atenderse como un proceso continuo donde los propios Estados deben desde su realidad y estrategias propias se articulen con el Plan Estratégico Técnico Mundial Contra la Malaria 2016-2030 propuesto por la OMS. Palabras

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Cryptic Plasmodium ovale concurrent with mixed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae infection in two children from Central African Republic

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-017-1979-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cynthia Bichara ◽

Philippe Flahaut ◽

Damien Costa ◽

Anne-Lise Bienvenu ◽

Stephane Picot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Central African Republic ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Plasmodium Ovale

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PLASMODIUM DOMINAN DALAM NYAMUK ANOPHELES BETINA (Anopheles spp.) PADA BEBERAPA TEMPAT DI DISTRIK MANOKWARI BARAT

Jurnal Natural ◽

10.30862/jn.v14i1.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Rina A. Mogea

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Research Result ◽

Plasmodium Species ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Anopheles Mosquito ◽

Plasmodium Ovale ◽

Aedes Mosquito ◽

Anopheles Farauti ◽

Male Mosquito

Malaria contagious by mosquito Anopheles Betina bringing protozoa parasite in its body (Plasmodium). Plasmodium there are four specieses that is Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum, but often becomes pathogen that is Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. As for intention of this research is to identify Plasmodium which is dominant at female Anopheles mosquito (Anopheles spp.) and knows distribution pattern of female Anopheles mosquito (Anopheles spp.) in some places in Districts Manokwari Barat. Based on research result done to four locations that is area Amban, Wosi, Sanggeng and Kota is found [by] 1024 mosquito tails. From the amounts only 115 mosquito tails was mosquito Anopheles Betina while the other is mosquito Anopheles male, mosquito Culex and Aedes. Mosquito Anopheles Betina found consisted of 4 species that is Anopheles bancrofti, Anopheles kochi, Anopheles farauti and Anopheles koliensis. Mosquito Anopheles Betina which is dissected, obtained 2 the Plasmodium species in mosquito spit gland is Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, and from calculation by index dominant can be told that both types of this very dominant Plasmodium in Districts Manokwari Barat because its the dominant index > 5%.

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Diagnosis of imported malaria in Japan by using microtiter plate-hybridization technique

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v41i2.23327 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 241-246

Author(s):

Tangin Akter

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Malaria Parasite ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Imported Malaria ◽

Hybridization Technique ◽

Plasmodium Ovale ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Great Problem ◽

Microscopic Diagnosis

In Japan, malaria has been successfully eradicated but imported malaria is still a great problem. Blood samples of malaria patients were collected from different hospitals of Japan. The samples were diagnosed by PCR based Microtiter plate-hybridization technique (MPH). The results of MPH were compared with microscopic diagnosis done at the laboratories of different hospitals. Among the total 23 blood samples examined, 19 were diagnosed as malaria parasite positive by MPH technique. The malaria parasites found were Plasmodium falciparum 7 (36.7%), Plasmodium vivax 6 (31.6%), Plasmodium ovale 1 (5.3%), Plasmodium ovale variant 3 (15.8%), Plasmodium malariae 1 (5.3%). One mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. ovale (5.3%) were also recorded. The area of acquisition of malaria was highest from Africa followed by Oceania, Asia, South America and others. This investigation indicated the MPH technique was more specific than microscopy for the diagnosis of imported malaria.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(2): 241-246, 2013

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High prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infections in adults, Ashanti Region, Ghana, 2018

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21341/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Melina Heinemann ◽

Richard O. Phillips ◽

Christof D. Vinnemeier ◽

Christina Rolling ◽

Egbert Tannich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Asymptomatic Malaria ◽

Plasmodium Ovale ◽

Forest Zone ◽

Ashanti Region ◽

Plasmodium Ovale Curtisi ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Asymptomatic Adult ◽

Species Specific

Abstract Background Ghana is among the high-burden countries for malaria infection and recently reported a notably increase in malaria cases. While asymptomatic parasitemia is increasingly recognized as a hurdle for malaria elimination, studies on asymptomatic malaria are scarce and usually focus on children and on non-falciparum species. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum infections in Ghanaian adults in the Ashanti region during the high transmission season. Methods Asymptomatic adult residents from five villages in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, were screened for Plasmodium spp. by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during the rainy season. Samples tested positive were subtyped using species-specific real-time PCR. For all P. ovale infections additional sub-species identification was performed.Results Molecular prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection was 284/391 (73%); only 126 (32%) infections were detected by RDT. While 266 (68%) participants were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 33 (8%) were infected with Plasmodium malariae and 34 (9%) with Plasmodium ovale. The sub-species Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri were identified to similar proportions. Non-falciparum infections usually presented as mixed infections with Plasmodium falciparum.Conclusions Most adult residents in the Ghanaian forest zone are asymptomatic Plasmodium carriers. The high Plasmodium prevalence not detected by RDT in adults highlights that malaria eradication efforts must target all members of the population. Beneath Plasmodium falciparum, screening and treatment must also include infections with Plasmodium malariae, P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri .

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SKRINING PARASIT MALARIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BUMI WONOREJO NABIRE-PAPUA TAHUN 2018

(Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat) ◽

10.37887/jimkesmas.v5i1.10615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lymbran Tina ◽

Fergiana Bagubau ◽

Fifi Nirmala

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Plasmodium Ovale

Abstrak Malaria adalah salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi parasit yang dapat menyebabkankematian pada manusia. Penyakit infeksi ini disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium yang hidup dan berkembangbiak dalam sel darah merah manusia dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Anopheles. Ada lima spesiesPlasmodium yang menyerang manusia yaitu : Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae,Plasmodium ovale dan Plasmodium knowlesi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif denganrancangan penelitian crossectional atau potong lintang. penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan skrining denganmaksud untuk melihat positif atau negatif parasit malaria di dalam sampel darah mengunakan mikroskop.Skrining malaria merupakan suatu usaha untuk mencari dan menemukan penderita penyakit malaria yangtampak gejala klinis melalui suatu tes atau pemeriksaan, yang secara singkat dan sederhana sehingga dapatmemisahkan mereka yang sehat dari mereka yang kemungkinan besar menderita penyakit malaria, yangselanjutnya diproses melalui diagnosis dan pengobatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium puskesmas BumiWonorejo kabupaten Nabire provinsi Papua tahun 2018. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 30 orang. Yaitu orang dengan gejala klinis seperti demam periodik, nyeri pada persendian, mual dan tinggal di wilayah kerjapuskesmas Bumi Wonorejo Nabire-Papua serta subjek bersedia di ambil sampel darah. Berdasarkan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis di Puskesmas Bumi Wonorejo Nabire-Papua tahun 2018 pada sediaan darahsubjek penelitian di peroleh positif malaria sebanyak 19 orang ( 63,3%) dan negatif malaria yaitu 11 0rang(36,3%). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kasus positif malaria di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bumi WonorejoNabirePapuatahun2018masihtinggi. Katakunci:skrining,mikroskopis,malari

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Protozoal infection: Malaria

10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0317 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nick Beeching ◽

Lynsey Goodwin ◽

Joanna Peters

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Plasmodium Vivax ◽

Human Disease ◽

Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽

Plasmodium Malariae ◽

Plasmodium Ovale ◽

Protozoal Infection

Malaria is a devastating protozoal infection that affects more than 200 million people worldwide each year, killing up to a million. Five species of Plasmodium are recognized causes of human disease: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi.

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