scholarly journals Evolution, systematics and historical biogeography of sand flies of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotomus) inferred using restriction-site associated DNA markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009479
Author(s):  
Astrid Cruaud ◽  
Véronique Lehrter ◽  
Guenaëlle Genson ◽  
Jean-Yves Rasplus ◽  
Jérôme Depaquit
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
East African ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Vicariant Event ◽  
New Subgenus

Phlebotomine sand flies are the main natural vectors of Leishmania, which cause visceral and tegumentary tropical diseases worldwide. However, their taxonomy and evolutionary history remain poorly studied. Indeed, as for many human disease vectors, their small size is a challenge for morphological and molecular works. Here, we successfully amplified unbiased copies of whole genome to sequence thousands of restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) markers from single specimens of phlebotomines. RAD markers were used to infer a fully resolved phylogeny of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (11 species + 5 outgroups, 32 specimens). The subgenus was not recovered as monophyletic and we describe a new subgenus Artemievus subg. nov. Depaquit for Phlebotomus alexandri. We also confirm the validity of Ph. riouxi which is reinstated as valid species. Our analyses suggest that Paraphlebotomus sensu nov. originated ca 12.9–8.5 Ma and was possibly largely distributed from peri-Mediterranean to Irano-Turranian regions. Its biogeographical history can be summarized into three phases: i) a first split between Ph. riouxi + Ph. chabaudi and other species that may have resulted from the rise of the Saharan belt ca 8.5 Ma; ii) a Messinian vicariant event (7.3–5.3 Ma) during which the prolonged drought could have resulted in the divergence of main lineages; iii) a recent radiation event (3–2 Ma) that correspond to cycles of wet and dry periods in the Middle East and the East African subregions during the Pleistocene. Interestingly these cycles are also hypothetical drivers of the diversification of rodents, in the burrows of which Paraphlebotomus larvae develop. By meeting the challenge of sequencing pangenomics markers from single, minute phlebotomines, this work opens new avenues for improving our understanding of the epidemiology of leishmaniases and possibly other human diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors.

scholarly journals Illegal Waste Sites As A Potential Micro Foci Of Mediterranean Leishmaniasis: First Records Of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Slovenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivović Vladimir ◽  
Kalan Katja ◽  
Zupan Sara ◽  
Bužan Elena
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Illegal Waste ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractApart from being against the law, illegal waste dumping also poses a threat to human health and to the environment. Solid and decomposing waste is an ideal breeding ground for a number of rodents, insects, and other vermin that pose a health risk through the spread of infectious diseases. The main objective of this study was to survey disease vectors and rodents for the presence ofLeishmaniasp. from waste sites along the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia and Croatia.During the survey five sandfly (Phlebotomus neglectus, P. perniciosus,P. papatasi, P. mascitii, Sergentomyia minuta) and five rodent species were collected (Rattus rattus,Mus musculus,Apodemus agrarius,A. flavicollisandA. sylvaticus).Sandflies and rodents were screened using a molecular probe to amplify an approximately 120 bp fragment of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle for the detection ofLeishmaniasp. parasites.Leishmania infantumDNA was detected in the spleen of one juvenile black rat (R. rattus). Despite few published records onLeshmaniasp. infection in black rats, the addition of our record highlights the importance of further investigation into the frequency and distribution of such occurrences so that we may better classify the role of rodents as potential reservoirs of leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin.

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Chiapas collected near the Guatemala border, with additions to the fauna of Mexico and a new subgenus name

Zootaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3994 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL ◽  
JOSÉ MUÑOZ ◽  
EDUARDO A. REBOLLAR-TÉLLEZ ◽  
AGELICA PECH-MAY ◽  
CARLOS F. MARINA
Keyword(s):  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
New Subgenus

scholarly journals Restriction-site associated DNA markers provide new insights into the evolutionary history of the bark beetle genus Dendroctonus

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 106528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Godefroid ◽  
Andrea S. Meseguer ◽  
Laure Sauné ◽  
Guenaëlle Genson ◽  
Jean-Claude Streito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
History Of

Influence of Moonlight On Light-Emitting Diode Trap Catches of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)1

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoliana Araújo da Silva ◽  
Benedita Maria Costa-Neta ◽  
Francinaldo Soares Silva
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Trap Catches

scholarly journals Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna andLeishmaniaInfection in the Vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park, a Natural Brazilian Heritage Site

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Silva Lana ◽  
Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽  
Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias ◽  
João Carlos França-Silva ◽  
Fabiana de Oliveira Lara-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Favorable Conditions

In the New World, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites ofLeishmania-infectedLutzomyia(Diptera: Psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. Any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in Brazil—the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized Brazilian municipality (Jaboticatubas), in which three cases of AVL and nine of ACL have been reported in the last five years. Jaboticatubas is an important tourism hub, as it includes a major part of the Serra do Cipó National Park. Currently, no local data is available on the entomological fauna or circulatingLeishmania. During the one-year period of this study, we captured 3,104 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to sixteenLutzomyiaspecies. In addition to identifying incriminated or suspected vectors of ACL with DNA of the etiological agent of AVL and vice versa, we also detectedLeishmaniaDNA in unexpectedLutzomyiaspecies. The expressive presence of vectors and naturalLeishmaniainfection indicates favorable conditions for the spreading of leishmaniases in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park.

scholarly journals Sexual and vertical transmission of visceral leishmaniasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia P Turchetti ◽  
Tayse D Souza ◽  
Tatiane A Paixão ◽  
Renato L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important zoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum, which has in the domestic dog its principal vertebrate host. VL is usually transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, however atypical routes of transmission have been described. In this review we discuss the the role of sexual and vertical transmissions, and their role in the maintenance of VL in canine populations.

scholarly journals Response of phlebotomine sand flies to light-emitting diode-modified light traps in southern Egypt

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Hoel ◽  
J.F. Butler ◽  
E. Y. Fawaz ◽  
N. Watany ◽  
S.S. El-Hossary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Light Emitting

scholarly journals Frequency and diversity of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirlei Franck Thies ◽  
Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni ◽  
Mariano Martinez Espinosa ◽  
Cladson de Oliveira Souza ◽  
Ana Lucia Maria Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Flies ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

scholarly journals Mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (Papiospp.) – Indication for introgressive hybridization?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Zinner ◽  
Linn F Groeneveld ◽  
Christina Keller ◽  
Christian Roos
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Hamadryas Baboons ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Initial Separation ◽  
Molecular Studies

Abstract Background Baboons of the genus Papio are distributed over wide ranges of Africa and even colonized parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Traditionally, five phenotypically distinct species are recognized, but recent molecular studies were not able to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, these studies revealed para- and polyphyletic (hereafter paraphyletic) mitochondrial clades for baboons from eastern Africa, and it was hypothesized that introgressive hybridization might have contributed substantially to their evolutionary history. To further elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among baboons, we extended earlier studies by analysing the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the 'Brown region' from 67 specimens collected at 53 sites, which represent all species and which cover most of the baboons' range. Results Based on phylogenetic tree reconstructions seven well supported major haplogroups were detected, which reflect geographic populations and discordance between mitochondrial phylogeny and baboon morphology. Our divergence age estimates indicate an initial separation into southern and northern baboon clades 2.09 (1.54–2.71) million years ago (mya). We found deep divergences between haplogroups within several species (~2 mya, northern and southern yellow baboons, western and eastern olive baboons and northern and southern chacma baboons), but also recent divergence ages among species (< 0.7 mya, yellow, olive and hamadryas baboons in eastern Africa). Conclusion Our study confirms earlier findings for eastern Africa, but shows that baboon species from other parts of the continent are also mitochondrially paraphyletic. The phylogenetic patterns suggest a complex evolutionary history with multiple phases of isolation and reconnection of populations. Most likely all these biogeographic events were triggered by multiple cycles of expansion and retreat of savannah biomes during Pleistocene glacial and inter-glacial periods. During contact phases of populations reticulate events (i.e. introgressive hybridization) were highly likely, similar to ongoing hybridization, which is observed between East African baboon populations. Defining the extent of the introgressive hybridization will require further molecular studies that incorporate additional sampling sites and nuclear loci.

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