scholarly journals Illegal Waste Sites As A Potential Micro Foci Of Mediterranean Leishmaniasis: First Records Of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Slovenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivović Vladimir ◽  
Kalan Katja ◽  
Zupan Sara ◽  
Bužan Elena
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Illegal Waste ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractApart from being against the law, illegal waste dumping also poses a threat to human health and to the environment. Solid and decomposing waste is an ideal breeding ground for a number of rodents, insects, and other vermin that pose a health risk through the spread of infectious diseases. The main objective of this study was to survey disease vectors and rodents for the presence ofLeishmaniasp. from waste sites along the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia and Croatia.During the survey five sandfly (Phlebotomus neglectus, P. perniciosus,P. papatasi, P. mascitii, Sergentomyia minuta) and five rodent species were collected (Rattus rattus,Mus musculus,Apodemus agrarius,A. flavicollisandA. sylvaticus).Sandflies and rodents were screened using a molecular probe to amplify an approximately 120 bp fragment of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle for the detection ofLeishmaniasp. parasites.Leishmania infantumDNA was detected in the spleen of one juvenile black rat (R. rattus). Despite few published records onLeshmaniasp. infection in black rats, the addition of our record highlights the importance of further investigation into the frequency and distribution of such occurrences so that we may better classify the role of rodents as potential reservoirs of leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin.

scholarly journals Sexual and vertical transmission of visceral leishmaniasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia P Turchetti ◽  
Tayse D Souza ◽  
Tatiane A Paixão ◽  
Renato L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important zoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum, which has in the domestic dog its principal vertebrate host. VL is usually transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, however atypical routes of transmission have been described. In this review we discuss the the role of sexual and vertical transmissions, and their role in the maintenance of VL in canine populations.

Predator or disperser? A test of indigenous fruit preference of alien rats (Rattus rattus) on Nishi-jima (Ogasawara Islands)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuto Abe
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Seed Disperser ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Ogasawara Islands ◽  
Indigenous Fruit ◽  
Indigenous Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Preference

The Black Rat Rattus rattus has invaded many of the Ogasawara Islands, including Nishi-jima. To evaluate the effects of this alien rat on fruits in Nishi-jima, I set out 1 772 fruits of five indigenous tree species and tracked them for two months by locating attached long-labelled lines. The rats consumed more than 95% of the small Neolitsea sericea var. aurata and Livistona boninensis fruits. For larger fruits, rats consumed 48.3% of Pandanus boninensis, 11.2% of Terminalia catappa, and 64.4% of Ochrosia nakaiana. Larger fruits were carried further than small fruits, however, the ratio of survival to frugivory decreased with increasing distance carried in all species. The role of Rattus rattus as seed disperser is limited, and its fruglvory impact is more serious for trees producing small fruits.

scholarly journals Detection of Leishmania donovani DNA within Field-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Three Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Endemic Foci of Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tharaka Wijerathna ◽  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Kithsiri Gunawardena ◽  
Yoshito Fujii ◽  
Deepa Gunasekara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Leishmania Parasites

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection transmitted through the bite of female phlebotomine sand flies. Microscopy is the gold standard to detect parasites within the sand flies and for vector incrimination. However, molecular-based detection has become more popular nowadays in the identification of Leishmania parasites since it provides detection and species identification simultaneously with no need of laborious procedures. The entomological surveys were conducted monthly from May to October 2017 using standard entomological techniques. Field-caught sand flies were identified to the species level followed by DNA extraction. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using species-specific primers to detect Leishmania donovani parasites. A total of 1,662 sand flies were encountered from the entomological surveys, and the majority of them were Phlebotomus argentipes (n = 1517; 91.27%), while others were Sergentomyia punjabiensis (n = 140; 8.72%). Leishmania donovani parasite DNA was detected only from P. argentipes (2.3%; n = 2). The detection of Leishmania DNA in P. argentipes suggests the possible role of this species as a vector for leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Evolution, systematics and historical biogeography of sand flies of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotomus) inferred using restriction-site associated DNA markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009479
Author(s):  
Astrid Cruaud ◽  
Véronique Lehrter ◽  
Guenaëlle Genson ◽  
Jean-Yves Rasplus ◽  
Jérôme Depaquit
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
East African ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Vicariant Event ◽  
New Subgenus

Phlebotomine sand flies are the main natural vectors of Leishmania, which cause visceral and tegumentary tropical diseases worldwide. However, their taxonomy and evolutionary history remain poorly studied. Indeed, as for many human disease vectors, their small size is a challenge for morphological and molecular works. Here, we successfully amplified unbiased copies of whole genome to sequence thousands of restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) markers from single specimens of phlebotomines. RAD markers were used to infer a fully resolved phylogeny of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus (11 species + 5 outgroups, 32 specimens). The subgenus was not recovered as monophyletic and we describe a new subgenus Artemievus subg. nov. Depaquit for Phlebotomus alexandri. We also confirm the validity of Ph. riouxi which is reinstated as valid species. Our analyses suggest that Paraphlebotomus sensu nov. originated ca 12.9–8.5 Ma and was possibly largely distributed from peri-Mediterranean to Irano-Turranian regions. Its biogeographical history can be summarized into three phases: i) a first split between Ph. riouxi + Ph. chabaudi and other species that may have resulted from the rise of the Saharan belt ca 8.5 Ma; ii) a Messinian vicariant event (7.3–5.3 Ma) during which the prolonged drought could have resulted in the divergence of main lineages; iii) a recent radiation event (3–2 Ma) that correspond to cycles of wet and dry periods in the Middle East and the East African subregions during the Pleistocene. Interestingly these cycles are also hypothetical drivers of the diversification of rodents, in the burrows of which Paraphlebotomus larvae develop. By meeting the challenge of sequencing pangenomics markers from single, minute phlebotomines, this work opens new avenues for improving our understanding of the epidemiology of leishmaniases and possibly other human diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors.

MODULATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN FEMALE RATTUS RATTUS WITH STEROID CONTRACEPTIVE ALGESTONE ACETOPHENIDE (DHPA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHOK KUMAR ◽  
ALPANA PARMAR ◽  
ANAND KUMAR BAJPEYEE
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Steroid Contraceptive

Young female Black rat (Rattus rattus), were administered monthly long acting steroid contraceptive to induce hypertriglyceridemia. It was observed that by 3 weeks of the second injection of estrogen containing mixed type of contraceptive, female rats developed consistent and frank hyperglyceridemia . TG in the treated rats was 195.8 ± 7.44 mg /100 ml as compared to 91.5 ± 6.27 mg/100ml in plasma of the control group.

Influence of Moonlight On Light-Emitting Diode Trap Catches of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)1

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoliana Araújo da Silva ◽  
Benedita Maria Costa-Neta ◽  
Francinaldo Soares Silva
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Trap Catches

scholarly journals Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna andLeishmaniaInfection in the Vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park, a Natural Brazilian Heritage Site

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Silva Lana ◽  
Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽  
Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias ◽  
João Carlos França-Silva ◽  
Fabiana de Oliveira Lara-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Favorable Conditions

In the New World, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites ofLeishmania-infectedLutzomyia(Diptera: Psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. Any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in Brazil—the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized Brazilian municipality (Jaboticatubas), in which three cases of AVL and nine of ACL have been reported in the last five years. Jaboticatubas is an important tourism hub, as it includes a major part of the Serra do Cipó National Park. Currently, no local data is available on the entomological fauna or circulatingLeishmania. During the one-year period of this study, we captured 3,104 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to sixteenLutzomyiaspecies. In addition to identifying incriminated or suspected vectors of ACL with DNA of the etiological agent of AVL and vice versa, we also detectedLeishmaniaDNA in unexpectedLutzomyiaspecies. The expressive presence of vectors and naturalLeishmaniainfection indicates favorable conditions for the spreading of leishmaniases in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park.

scholarly journals Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Patrycja Burzyńska ◽  
Łukasz F. Sobala ◽  
Krzysztof Mikołajczyk ◽  
Marlena Jodłowska ◽  
Ewa Jaśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Infection Biology ◽  
Species Specific

Carbohydrates have long been known to mediate intracellular interactions, whether within one organism or between different organisms. Sialic acids (Sias) are carbohydrates that usually occupy the terminal positions in longer carbohydrate chains, which makes them common recognition targets mediating these interactions. In this review, we summarize the knowledge about animal disease-causing agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa (including the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum) in which Sias play a role in infection biology. While Sias may promote binding of, e.g., influenza viruses and SV40, they act as decoys for betacoronaviruses. The presence of two common forms of Sias, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, is species-specific, and in humans, the enzyme converting Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc (CMAH, CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase) is lost, most likely due to adaptation to pathogen regimes; we discuss the research about the influence of malaria on this trait. In addition, we present data suggesting the CMAH gene was probably present in the ancestor of animals, shedding light on its glycobiology. We predict that a better understanding of the role of Sias in disease vectors would lead to more effective clinical interventions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document