Compatible Pollinations in Solanum chacoense Decrease Both S-RNase and S-RNase mRNA

Genes for anther culture response (ACR) need to be mapped to enable efficient transfer of the trait to unresponsive but agronomically desirable clones. The objective of this study was to find extremes for ACR in a segregating population to target genes controlling this trait using bulk segregant analysis. Populations resulting from backcrosses (BC) of a diploid interspecific clone [CP2: Solanum chacoense (chc: low ACR) and S. phureja (phu: high ACR)] to both parents were used to characterize two phases of androgenesis in a preliminary study: microspore embryogenesis and embryo regeneration. Among 24 plants from each BC, consistently high- and low-responding genotypes with regard to embryo production were identified. Low ACR clones in each BC produced from 0.0–0.1 embryos per anther (EPA), whereas high ACR clones in the chc and phu BC produced from 1.4–2.9 and 2.8–7.5 EPA, respectively. The frequency of embryos regenerating into plants ranged from 3% to 20% for the chc high EPA clones and 12% to 64% for the phu high EPA clones. Ploidy of regenerated plants was determined by flow cytometry. The frequency of monoploid regenerants among the high EPA clones ranged from 3.6% to 68%. Since these populations showed sufficient genetic variation for ACR, a series of statistically designed experiments were conducted to develop high and low ACR bulks. From four groups of phenotypically characterized PBC plants, a high ACR bulk (–x = 4.9 EPA; n = 14) and a low ACR bulk (–x = 0.12 EPA; n =9) were constructed.

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Solanum chacoense: Knapp, S. & Cadima, X.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ◽

10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t62758331a62758334.en ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Solanum Chacoense

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Drought and Saline Stress Tolerance Induced in Somatic Hybrids of Solanum chacoense and Potato Cultivars by Using Mismatch Repair Deficiency

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 696

Author(s):

Imola Molnár ◽

Lavinia Cozma ◽

Tünde-Éva Dénes ◽

Imre Vass ◽

István-Zoltán Vass ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Mismatch Repair ◽

Crop Production ◽

Somatic Hybrids ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Solanum Chacoense ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Mismatch Repair Deficiency ◽

Repair Deficiency

Global climate change, especially when involving drought and salinity, poses a major challenge to sustainable crop production, causing severe yield losses. The environmental conditions are expected to further aggravate crop production in the future as a result of continuous greenhouse gas emissions, causing further temperature rise and leading to increased evapotranspiration, severe drought, soil salinity, as well as insect and disease threats. These suboptimal growth conditions have negative impact on plant growth, survival, and crop yield. Potato is well known as a crop extremely susceptible to drought, which is primarily attributed to its shallow root system. With potato being the fourth major food crop, increasing potato productivity is thus important for food security and for feeding global population. To maintain a sustainable potato production, it is necessary to develop stress tolerant potato cultivars that cope with the already ongoing climate change. The aim of our study is to analyze the response of potato somatic hybrids to drought and salt stress under in vitro conditions; the somatic hybrids studied are the wild relative Solanum chacoense (+) Solanum tuberosum, with or without mismatch repair deficiency (MMR). Upon this selection of drought and salt tolerant genotypes, somatic hybrids and their parents were phenotyped on a semi-automated platform, and lines tolerant to medium water scarcity (20% compared to 60% soil water capacity) were identified. Although none of the parental species were tolerant to drought, some of the MMR-deficient somatic hybrids showed tolerance to drought and salt as a new trait.

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Genomic composition of 4x–2x potato hybrids: influence of Solanum chacoense

Genome ◽

10.1139/g91-063 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 413-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Fouzia Bani-Aameur ◽

F. I. Lauer ◽

R. E. Veilleux ◽

A. Hilali

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Solanum Chacoense ◽

Solanum Phureja ◽

2N Pollen ◽

Fall Season ◽

Tuber Set ◽

Target Environment ◽

Breeding Selections

Tetraploid potato hybrids representing three genomic compositions (TTTT, TTPP, and TTPC (T, Solanum tuberosum; P, Solanum phureja; C, Solanum chacoense)) were constructed by crossing S. tuberosum (2n = 4x = 48) cultivars or advanced breeding selections among themselves or with 2n pollen producing selections of either S. phureja (2n = 2x = 24) or F1 hybrids between S. phureja and S. chacoense (2n = 2x = 24). Seedling families were evaluated in the fall season and selections within each family were evaluated in spring trials at Ait-Melloul, Morocco. Genomic composition was the greatest source of variance for yield-attributing traits, with TTPC outperforming other hybrids in fall trials for vine vigor, tuber set, and tuber yield and TTPP outperforming other hybrids in spring trials for the same traits. The results imply that analytic breeding for potato by construction of complex interspecific hybrids may result in clones surpassing a previously proposed heterotic threshold if the target environment is conducive to expression of favorable traits from alien germ plasm.Key words: Solanum phureja, Solanum chacoense, Solanum tuberosum, 4x–2x hybrids, potato, analytic breeding.

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Incompatibility, stamen movement and pollen economy in a heterostyled tropical forest tree, Cratoxylum formosum (Guttiferae)

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1982.0010 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 214 (1195) ◽

pp. 273-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Keyword(s):

Critical Level ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Incompatible Pollen ◽

Insect Visitation ◽

Small Pollen ◽

Evolutionary Step ◽

Novel Method ◽

Compatible Pollinations ◽

Compatible Pollen

Cratoxylum formosum shows all the classical features of a distylic species. The two types are: long-styled plants with short stamens and small pollen grains and short-styled plants with long stamens and large pollen grains. Compatible pollinations are only between the two types; incompatible pollen tubes are inhibited in the style. A significant morphological feature distinguishes Cratoxylum from distylic plants in other families. Instead of having a small number of anthers making well separated narrow discs in the two types, Cratoxylum has many anthers (144) and they are arranged on staminal bundles that produce long cylinders of anthers that partially occupy similar height zones in the two types of flower. A novel method of separation of the two height zones is achieved by the bending of the stamens of the long-styled type when the flower opens, which converts the cylinder to a narrow disc of anthers at the same height as the ‘short’ stigma. The bending coincides with anther dehiscence and is slightly later than the first daily insect visitation. The anthers return to the upright position later in the day, when the pollination is complete. There was a 20-fold difference between the amounts of pollen deposited on the two types of stigmas. The ‘long’ stigmas received 1200 pollen grains per flower, in the ratio of 46 ‘long’ to 54 ‘short’, which is close to the ratio of two types of pollen produced in the population. This random deposition of pollen on ‘long’ stigmas is, however, more than adequate for the 36 seeds produced per flower. ‘Short’ stigmas received only 64 pollen grains per flower, in the ratio of 90 ‘long’ to 10 ‘short’, and several flowers had below the critical level of 36 compatible pollen grains for full seed production. Pollen loads of the pollinating bee, Apis javana , consisted of ‘long’ and ‘short’ pollen on the thorax in the ratio found on the ‘long’ stigma, and on the head of the bee in a ratio close to the 9:1 found on the ‘short ’ stigma. The corbicular loads reflected accurately the pollen of the tree in which the bee was caught. For Cratoxylum the accurate positioning of the anthers of the long-styled plant in relation to the visiting bees head was an important evolutionary step in the effective pollination of the short-styled form, which, at least in this species, is one critical and highly selected feature of the system.

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Purification to homogeneity and characterization of nonproteolyzed potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber hexokinase 1

Botany ◽

10.1139/b11-016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 289-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marie-Claude Moisan ◽

Jean Rivoal

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽

Solanum Chacoense ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Chromatographic Separations ◽

The Stability ◽

Fast Flow

We have developed an extraction procedure that improves the stability of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber hexokinase (HK) after extraction. Using this protocol, we showed that at least four HK isoforms are present in this tissue, and they can be separated by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on a butyl-Sepharose™ 4 Fast Flow column. One of the main HK isoforms was purified to homogeneity using further chromatographic separations on red dye, DEAE Fractogel, hydroxyapatite, cibacron blue, and MonoQ matrices. HK-specific activity of this fraction (10.2 U·mg protein–1) corresponds to an enrichment of more than 5500-fold, with a yield of 0.9%. This is the highest reported HK-specific activity from a plant source. The purified enzyme consisted of a monomer with a subunit apparent Mr of 51 kDa when analyzed by SDS–PAGE. This polypeptide was recognized by affinity-purified anti- Solanum chacoense Bitt. recombinant HK IgGs. The protein was digested with trypsin and its digestion products were subjected to MS – MS sequencing after HPLC separation. The sequences of these tryptic peptides matched the predicted coding sequence of the S. tuberosum HK1 gene with a coverage of 57%. Examination of the kinetic properties of the purified protein HK1 indicates that it may be regulated by the internal O2 concentration of the tuber because of its sensitivity to acidic pHs and inhibition by ADP.

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