scholarly journals Successional Distance between the Source and Recipient Influence Seed Germination and Seedling Survival during Surface Soil Replacement in SW China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e79125 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-xin Shen ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Xue Xia ◽  
Yuhui Li ◽  
Huilin Guan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Sw China

scholarly journals Interspecific Hybridization in Hazelnut (Corylus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli Erdogan ◽  
Shawn A. Mehlenbacher
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Cluster Set ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Hybrid Seedling ◽  
Bridge Species

Eight Corylus L. (hazelnut) species were intercrossed in all possible combinations to reveal genetic relationships. Pollinations were made on either individually bagged branches or trees covered entirely with polyethylene using mixtures of pollen of five genotypes to minimize low cluster set due to single incompatible combinations. Percent cluster set, seed germination, and hybrid seedling survival were determined. Hybridity of seedlings was verified by inspection of morphological traits. Based on percent cluster set, seed germination, and hybrid seedling survival along with observed morphological similarities, Corylus species were placed in three groups: 1) the tree hazels C. colurna L. (turkish tree hazel) and C. chinensis Franchet (chinese tree hazel), 2) the bristle-husked shrub species C. cornuta Marshall (beaked hazel), C. californica (A.DC.) Rose (california hazel), and C. sieboldiana Blume (manchurian hazel), and 3) the leafy-husked shrub species C. avellana L. (european hazel), C. americana Marshall (american hazel), C. heterophylla Fischer (siberian hazel), and C. heterophylla Fischer var. sutchuensis Franchet (sichuan hazel). The two tree hazel species crossed with each other readily, as did the three bristle-husked shrub species. The frequency of blanks was low (<20%) for crosses of the tree hazels, and <50% for interspecific crosses within the group of bristle-husked species. The leafy-husked shrub species could be crossed with each other in all directions, although cluster set on C. heterophylla was low. For crosses of species belonging to different groups, set was generally low and the frequency of blanks high. Nevertheless, a few hybrid seedlings were obtained from several combinations. When used as the female parent, C. californica set nuts when crossed with all other species, indicating possible value as a bridge species. Crosses involving C. avellana were more successful when it was the pollen parent. In crosses with C. avellana pollen, cluster set on C. chinensis was better than on C. colurna and the frequency of blanks was much lower, indicating that it might be easier to transfer nonsuckering growth habit from C. chinensis than from C. colurna. Reciprocal differences in the success of crosses was observed. The following crosses were successful C. californica × C. avellana, C. chinensis × C. avellana, C americana × C. heterophylla, C. cornuta × C heterophylla, C. californica × C. colurna, and C. americana × C. sieboldiana, but the reciprocals were not.

Heterobasidion annosum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Pegler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract A description is provided for Heterobasidion annosum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On coniferous trees, particularly Picea, Larix, Thuja, Tsuga; also less commonly on numerous dicotyledonous hosts (Koenigs, 1960). DISEASE: Butt-rot. Causing decay to roots and heart wood of living trees. A tissue-paper-like layer of mycelial felt, forming between the bark and wood, is lilac, pink or purple at first, but later turns red, red-brown or purple-brown. White pockets are formed in the red region of the wood, sometimes preceded by black specks. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide in temperate regions (CMI Map 271, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Disseminated by wind-blown spores produced at all times of the year. Viable spores have been found airborne 70 miles from the nearest source (47, 3604), and in surface soil after 8 months (46, 13g). Also found in seed germination tests of Abies by Batko (38: 711). Spores may be introduced on nursery seedlings into disease-free areas (41: 260).

Use of GREMAG ® technology to improve seed germination and seedling survival

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-149
Author(s):  
Albys Esther Ferrer Dubois ◽  
◽  
Jorge González Aguilera ◽  
Yilan Fung Boix ◽  
Elizabeth Isaac Alemán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Improve Seed Germination

scholarly journals Cross-Infection Experiments of Psittacanthus schiedeanus: Effects of Host Provenance, Gut Passage, and Host Fate on Mistletoe Seedling Survival

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Magdalena Ramírez ◽  
Juan Francisco Ornelas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Gut Passage ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Race Formation ◽  
Full Factorial

Host-specific race formation has been suggested for mistletoe species using cross-dispersal experiments. Here, we tested the effects of host provenance, bird gut passage, and host fate on Psittacanthus schiedeanus seed either manually extracted or bird gut-passed on four host species in Veracruz, Mexico: Acacia pennatula, Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus mexicana, and Quercus germana. Both groups of seed were placed on the branches of host trees in a full factorial design of cross-inoculation. Bird gut passage had no effect on seed germination, and the only factor having a significant effect on seed germination was host provenance. Results of seedling establishment were similar to those of seed germination, where mistletoe seed inoculated on P. mexicana were more likely to germinate and seedlings to establish than seed inoculated on the other hosts. The significant host provenance–fruit treatment interaction was largely due to a lower seedling establishment of gut-passed seed from P. mexicana to P. mexicana and the other hosts. Although host provenance of mistletoe seed was a significant predictor in germination and seedling establishment, the host provenance–host fate interaction was the only significant predictor for seedling survival. The significant host provenance–host fate interaction was largely due to higher survival success of mistletoe seed from L. styraciflua to L. styraciflua and P. mexicana and from P. mexicana to P. mexicana and a lower success from Q. germana to Q. germana and from A. pennatula to A. pennatula.

scholarly journals Myxospermous seed-mucilage quantity correlates with environmental gradients indicative of water-deficit stress: Plantago species as a model

2019 ◽  
Vol 446 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Teixeira ◽  
Pietro Iannetta ◽  
Kirsty Binnie ◽  
Tracy A. Valentine ◽  
Peter Toorop
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seed Mucilage

Abstract Aims Myxospermous seed mucilage is multifunctional and is often found in seeds (or achenes) of species occupying arid environments where the trait may influence seed-dispersal and -germination of seeds. The seed mucilage may also enhance soil-water retention, −hydraulic conductivity and -stability. However, the relationship between seed mucilage quantity, seed germination and seedling traits across environmental gradients which determine water-deficit stress has not yet been ascertained. Methods Therefore, we characterised and tested the relationship between seed mucilage quantity, water-deficit stress responses of seeds and seedlings of 36 accessions of four different Plantago species (P. albicans L., P. coronopus L., P. lagopus L. and P. anceolata L.). These were gathered from six regions across Europe, which presented environmental gradients (of rainfall and temperature), and varying soil qualities. Results Seed mucilage was significantly greater in seeds of accessions experiencing: highest summer temperatures; lowest summer precipitation; soils of the same warm dry regions which had greater capacity to retain water within narrow pore spaces. Under water-deficit stress, seeds with most mucilage exhibited a lower base water potential for germination, suffered least seedling mortality and exhibited the most successful seedling development. Conclusions The findings indicate that seed mucilage quantity appeared as an ‘adaptive’ trait and there is a relationship between seed-mucilage quantity, seed germination plus seedling survival and development under environmental conditions of highest water-deficit stress.

The Effect of Microsite Variation on Seed-Germination and Seedling Survival of Eucalyptus delegatensis

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Battaglia ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eucalyptus Delegatensis

The correlation between microsite and seedling numbers was determined in field sowings, and the impact of microsites on germination and seedling survival tested in artificial seedbeds in the glasshouse. Small scale variation in soil conditions, at the scale of tens of centimetres, markedly affected the germination and establishment of Eucalyptus delegatensis R.T.Baker seeds and seedlings. Under conditions of limiting soil moisture, microsites that afforded protection, and probably resulted in increased humidity, caused a marked increase in germination number and rate. The mean survival time was significantly higher on these protected microsites than on less protected microsites, or on microsites that restricted root penetration. The importance of this variability in microtopography was strongly influenced by season and the level of environmental stress, and was diminished as seedlings aged. Due to the different requirements for seed germination and seedling growth, a favourable microsite for germination was not necessarily a favourable site for seedling survival. A comparison of seed and seedling responses to water stress indicated that for E. delegatensis, at least, selection due to microsite differences at the time of germination may not have an impact on the developmental characteristics of the seedlings.

Testing pathogen host specificity: a reciprocal field experiment in two types of tropical forest on Hainan, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zheng ◽  
He He ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Shixiao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Montane Rain Forest ◽  
Adult Trees

Abstract:The Janzen–Connell hypothesis suggests that highly specific pathogens decrease seedling survival close to the parent plant; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we tested the host specificity of soil pathogens to germinating seeds of Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi and Cryptocarya chinensis in tropical montane rain forest and cloud forest on Hainan, south China. Rhizospheric soils surrounding eight adult trees per species were collected in each forest type and divided into five soil treatments: parent, fungicide-sterilized, autoclave-sterilized, Fusarium-added and Pythium-added soils. Surface-sterilized seeds were sown in each of the five soil treatments and grown in two forest types. The seed germination percentages were significantly higher in sterilized soils (C. fleuryi, 41.5%; C. chinensis, 29.4%) than in non-sterilized soils (C. fleuryi, 28.3%; C. chinensis, 17.1%) in montane rain forest. The seed germination percentages in rhizospheric soil of conspecific parent trees were significantly lower in montane rain forest (C. fleuryi, 17.3%; C. chinensis, 10.5%) than in cloud forest (C. fleuryi, 37.1%; C. chinensis, 21.1%). Our results also suggest that the level of pathogen activity in each tree species varies depending on the environment. Our results support the hypothesis that host-specific pathogens shape tree species composition by differentially affecting seed germination under different environmental conditions.

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