Alcohol Use and Transactional Sex among Women in South Africa: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

Abstract Background Tobacco smoke and alcohol use were associated with several diseases, study on joint effect of smoke and drink was rare.Objective This study aims to investigate the joint effect of tobacco smoke and alcohol use on all-cause mortality and premature death in a contemporary cohort.Methods China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was an ongoing nationally representative survey for subjects aged over 45 years in China, which performed every 2 years for total of 3 waves from 2011 to 2015 in China. We used weighted logistic regression model to estimate the joint effect of tobacco smoke and alcohol use on total mortality and premature death.Results After adjusting for the confounders, the odd ratios (ORs) value of all-cause mortality were 1.47 (95%CI: 1.03–2.08) and 1.51 (95%CI: 1.09–2.10) in smoker and non-drinker and smoker and drinker separately. Compared with non-smoker and non-drinker, smoker and drinker increased the odds of premature death by 3.14 (95%CI: 1.56–6.34). In the subgroup analysis, there was a 5-fold (OR = 4.95; 95%CI: 2.00-12.27) increase in the odds of premature death for female smoker and drinker.Conclusion This study found a joint effect of tobacco smoke and alcohol use on all-cause mortality and premature death among a contemporary and nationally representative data in China. Our results suggested the joint effect was more pronounced in women, but further research was needed.

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Balancing care and work roles among women working in the informal sector in South Africa

International Journal of Care and Caring ◽

10.1332/239788220x15984634358661 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zitha Mokomane

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Informal Sector ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Formal Sector ◽

Research Gap ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Work Family ◽

Using Data ◽

Context Specific

Despite the prevalence of the informal sector in many developing countries, the care challenges of workers in this sector remain largely unexplored. This article contributes to closing this research gap by exploring the work–family fit of women working in the informal sector in South Africa using data from a nationally representative survey. The results reveal that like their formal sector counterparts, women working in the informal sector have poor work–family fit and hence require similar support and attention. The article highlights the underlying factors and concludes by underscoring the need for context-specific policies and further research.

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Workplace “Digital Culture” and the Uptake of Digital Solutions

The Oxford Handbook of Digital Technology and Society ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190932596.013.13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 368-402

Author(s):

Simeon J. Yates ◽

Eleanor Lockley

Keyword(s):

Technology Acceptance ◽

Cultural Change ◽

New Technology ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Digital Culture ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Company Culture ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Uk

This chapter reviews prior work on technology acceptance and then reports on a nationally representative survey of UK employees exploring both employee’s personal experiences of digital technologies at home and work and their evaluations of the effectiveness of the technologies and the “digital culture” in their organization. Presenting the results of 3040 UK workers, it seeks to explore the factors that influence digital roll-outs by focusing on the experiences and perceptions of the UK workforce as a whole, with the expectation that introducing new technology alone isn’t enough. This research explores how “digitally ready” organizations are in the UK in terms of people, processes, and company culture. It concludes that a large proportion of the UK workforce are not seeing the benefits of digital technologies. Importantly, there is a need for organizations to understand that making digital solutions a success is a process of cultural change in their organization.

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Corruption, Opportunity Networks, and Gender

Public Opinion Quarterly ◽

10.1093/poq/nfaa030 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nina Wiesehomeier ◽

Tània Verge

Keyword(s):

Conjoint Analysis ◽

Unethical Behavior ◽

Gender Stereotype ◽

Women In Politics ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Business Interests ◽

Female Politicians ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

And Gender

Abstract Given the gender stereotype that women are more ethical than men, people should assess female politicians as being less corruptible. Yet information about access to networks suggests that opportunities to engage in unethical behavior may counter this perception. Using a conjoint analysis in a nationally representative survey in Spain, a country shaken by corruption scandals, we asked respondents to identify the more corruptible politician between two hypothetical local councilors by imagining an investor willing to offer a bribe to advance business interests. Results indicate that female politicians do symbolically stand for honesty. However, this assessment is offset by embeddedness cues signaling a woman politician’s access to opportunity networks. We discuss our findings in light of instrumentalist arguments for an increase of women in politics as a means to combat corruption.

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