Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-deficient mice were used to examine the role of iNOS in Escherichia coli-induced urinary tract infection (UTI). The toxicity of nitric oxide (NO)/peroxynitrite to bacteria and host was also investigated. The nitrite levels in urine of iNOS+/+but not iNOS−/−mice increased after infection. No differences in bacterial clearance or persistence were noted between the genotypes. In vitro, the uropathogenic E. coli 1177 was sensitive to 3-morpholinosydnonimine, whereas the avirulent E. coli HB101 was sensitive to both NO and 3-morpholinosydnonimine. E. coli HB101 was statistically ( P < 0.05) more sensitive to peroxynitrite than E. coli 1177. Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was observed in infected bladders of both genotypes and in infected kidneys of iNOS+/+mice. Myeloperoxidase, neuronal (n)NOS, and endothelial (e)NOS immunoreactivity was observed in inflammatory cells of both genotypes. Our results indicate that iNOS−/−and iNOS+/+mice are equally susceptible to E. coli-induced UTI and that the toxicity of NO to E. colidepends on bacterial virulence. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase and nNOS/eNOS may contribute to nitrotyrosine formation in the absence of iNOS.
Vitamin D-deficient mice have more invasive urinary tract infection