Virus-like particles containing multiple antigenic proteins of Toxoplasma gondii induce memory T cell and B cell responses

ABSTRACTVibrio choleraeO1 can cause diarrheal disease that may be life-threatening without treatment. Natural infection results in long-lasting protective immunity, but the role of T cells in this immune response has not been well characterized. In contrast, robust B-cell responses toV. choleraeinfection have been observed. In particular, memory B-cell responses to T-cell-dependent antigens persist for at least 1 year, whereas responses to lipopolysaccharide, a T-cell-independent antigen, wane more rapidly after infection. We hypothesize that protective immunity is mediated by anamnestic responses of memory B cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and T-cell responses may be required to generate and maintain durable memory B-cell responses. In this study, we examined B- and T-cell responses in patients with severeV. choleraeinfection. Using the flow cytometric assay of the specific cell-mediated immune response in activated whole blood, we measured antigen-specific T-cell responses usingV. choleraeantigens, including the toxin-coregulated pilus (TcpA), aV. choleraemembrane preparation, and theV. choleraecytolysin/hemolysin (VCC) protein. Our results show that memory T-cell responses develop by day 7 after infection, a time prior to and concurrent with the development of B-cell responses. This suggests that T-cell responses toV. choleraeantigens may be important for the generation and stability of memory B-cell responses. The T-cell proliferative response to VCC was of a higher magnitude than responses observed to otherV. choleraeantigens.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of TLR signaling fine-tunes anti-influenza B cell responses without regulating effector T cell responses.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1070705.523621 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Dorothy Yuan

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Influenza B ◽

Tlr Signaling ◽

Effector T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B Cell Responses

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T-Cell Regulation of Restricted B-Cell Responses

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Immunobiology of Proteins and Peptides · I ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-8858-0_23 ◽

1978 ◽

pp. 403-417

Author(s):

A. Campos-Neto ◽

H. Levine ◽

S. F. Schlossman

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Regulation ◽

Cell Responses ◽

T Cell Regulation ◽

B Cell Responses

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T-cell-independent and T-cell-dependent B-cell responses to exposed variant surface glycoprotein epitopes in trypanosome-infected mice.

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.58.7.2337-2342.1990 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 58 (7) ◽

pp. 2337-2342 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

D M Reinitz ◽

J M Mansfield

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Surface Glycoprotein ◽

Variant Surface Glycoprotein ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B Cell Responses

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Improved Immune Responses against Zika Virus after Sequential Dengue and Zika Virus Infection in Human

10.20944/preprints201808.0030.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felix G. Delgado ◽

Karina I. Torres ◽

Jaime E. Castellanos ◽

Consuelo Romero-Sánchez ◽

Etienne Simon-Lorière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

B Cell ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Denv Infection ◽

T Cell Response ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B Cell Responses

The high level of dengue virus (DENV) seroprevalence in areas where Zika virus (ZIKV) is circulating and the cross-reactivity between these two viruses have raised concerns on the risk of increased ZIKV disease severity for patients with a history of previous DENV infection. To determine the role of DENV pre-immunity in ZIKV infection, we analysed the T and B cell responses against ZIKV in donors with or without previous DENV infection. Using PBMCs from donors living in an endemic area in Colombia, we have identified, by interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, most of the immunodominant ZIKV T-cell epitopes in the non-structural proteins NS1, NS3 and NS5. Analyses of the T and B-cell responses in the same donors revealed a stronger T-cell response against peptides conserved between DENV and ZIKV, with a higher level of ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies in DENV-immune donors, in comparison with DENV-naïve donors. Strikingly, the potential for antibody mediated enhancement of ZIKV infection was reduced in donors with sequential DENV and ZIKV infection in comparison with donors with DENV infection only. Altogether, these data suggest that individuals with DENV immunity present improved immune responses against ZIKV.

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Antibody Avidity in Humoral Immune Responses in Bangladeshi Children and Adults following Administration of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00341-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1541-1548 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mohammad Murshid Alam ◽

Daniel T. Leung ◽

Marjahan Akhtar ◽

Mohammad Nazim ◽

Sarmin Akter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Memory B Cell ◽

Antibody Avidity ◽

Memory T Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Specific Memory ◽

Iga Antibodies ◽

Specific Igg

ABSTRACTAntibody avidity for antigens following disease or vaccination increases with affinity maturation and somatic hypermutation. In this study, we followed children and adults in Bangladesh for 1 year following oral cholera vaccination and measured the avidity of antibodies to the T cell-dependent antigen cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and the T cell-independent antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in comparison with responses in other immunological measurements. Children produced CTB-specific IgG and IgA antibodies of high avidity following vaccination, which persisted for several months; the magnitudes of responses were comparable to those seen in adult vaccinees. The avidity of LPS-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in vaccinees increased significantly shortly after the second dose of vaccine but waned rapidly to baseline levels thereafter. CTB-specific memory B cells were present for only a short time following vaccination, and we did not find significant memory B cell responses to LPS in any age group. For older children, there was a significant correlation between CTB-specific memory T cell responses after the second dose of vaccine and CTB-specific IgG antibody avidity indices over the subsequent year. These findings suggest that vaccination induces a longer-lasting increase in the avidity of antibodies to a T cell-dependent antigen than is measured by a memory B cell response to that antigen and that early memory T cell responses correlate well with the subsequent development of higher-avidity antibodies.

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