Respiratory kinematics and the regulation of subglottic pressure for phonation of pitch jumps – a dynamic MRI study

The respiratory system is a central part of voice production as it contributes to the generation of subglottic pressure, which has an impact on voice parameters including fundamental frequency and sound pressure level. Both parameters need to be adjusted precisely during complex phonation tasks such as singing. In particular, the underlying functions of the diaphragm and rib cage in relation to the phonation of pitch jumps are not yet understood in detail. This study aims to analyse respiratory movements during phonation of pitch jumps using dynamic MRI of the lungs. Dynamic images of the breathing apparatus of 7 professional singers were acquired in the supine position during phonation of upwards and downwards pitch jumps in a high, medium, and low range of the singer’s tessitura. Distances between characteristic anatomical landmarks in the lung were measured from the series of images obtained. During sustained phonation, the diaphragm elevates, and the rib cage is lowered in a monotonic manner. During downward pitch jumps the diaphragm suddenly changed its movement direction and presented with a short inspiratory activation which was predominant in the posterior part and was associated with a shift of the cupola in an anterior direction. The magnitude of this inspiratory movement was greater for jumps that started at higher compared to lower fundamental frequency. In contrast, expiratory movement of the rib cage and anterior diaphragm were simultaneous and continued constantly during the jump. The data underline the theory of a regulation of subglottic pressure via a sudden diaphragm contraction during phonation of pitch jumps downwards, while the rib cage is not involved in short term adaptations. This strengthens the idea of a differentiated control of rib cage and diaphragm as different functional units during singing phonation.

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Kinematic characteristics of patients with cervical imbalance: a weight-bearing dynamic MRI study

European Spine Journal ◽

10.1007/s00586-018-05874-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 1200-1208

Author(s):

Koji Tamai ◽

Phillip Grisdela ◽

Joshua Romanu ◽

Permsak Paholpak ◽

Zorica Buser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Bearing ◽

Dynamic Mri ◽

Kinematic Characteristics ◽

Mri Study

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"Between A Rock And A Hard Place": A Dynamic MRI Study of Meniscal Extrusion in Patients With Medial Meniscus Root-Tear

Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. e12-e13

Author(s):

Ron Gilat ◽

Oleg Lysyy ◽

Tal Sigal ◽

Moshe Ayalon ◽

Gabriel Agar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medial Meniscus ◽

Dynamic Mri ◽

Root Tear ◽

Meniscal Extrusion ◽

Meniscus Root ◽

Mri Study ◽

Meniscus Root Tear ◽

Hard Place

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Effortful Pitch Glide: A Potential New Exercise Evaluated by Dynamic MRI

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-13-0168 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 1243-1250 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Keri Vasquez Miloro ◽

William G. Pearson ◽

Susan E. Langmore

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Mri ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Laryngeal Elevation ◽

Pharyngeal Wall ◽

Pharyngeal Muscles ◽

Nonsignificant Difference ◽

Kinematic Analyses ◽

Young Subjects ◽

Swallowing Muscles ◽

Potential Use

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanics of the effortful pitch glide (EPG) with swallowing using dynamic MRI. The EPG is a combination of a pitch glide and a pharyngeal squeeze maneuver for targeting laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles. The authors hypothesized that the EPG would elicit significantly greater structural excursions of anterior hyoid, superior hyoid, hyolaryngeal approximation, laryngeal elevation, and lateral pharyngeal wall medialization compared with swallowing. Method Eleven healthy, young subjects with a mean age of 25 were recruited. The EPG was first taught and verified via laryngoscopy. Then 2-planar (coronal and sagittal) dynamic MRI acquisitions captured 10 repeated swallows and 3 EPGs. Kinematic analyses of minimum and maximum excursion of anatomical landmarks were calculated. Results Results showed a nonsignificant difference between the 2 tasks for range of excursion with all measured biomechanics except for superior hyoid, where the swallow showed significantly greater excursion. This indicated that swallowing and EPG biomechanics were comparable, lending support for the potential use of the EPG as another nonswallowing exercise. Conclusion Findings suggest EPG may be an effective exercise to target several important swallowing muscles, especially the long pharyngeal muscles that elevate the larynx and shorten the pharynx in swallowing.

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A Feasibility Study on Ribs as Anatomical Landmarks for Motion Tracking of Lung and Liver Tumors at External Beam Radiotherapy

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/1533034615595737 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 99-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Saber Nankali ◽

Ahmad Esmaili Torshabi ◽

Payam Samadi Miandoab

Keyword(s):

Motion Tracking ◽

Liver Tumors ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

External Beam ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Tumor Motion ◽

Cage Structure ◽

Position Information ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Using Data

At external beam radiotherapy for some tumors located at thorax region due to lack of information in gray scale fluoroscopic images tumor position determination is problematic. One of the clinical strategies is to implant clip as internal fiducial marker inside or near tumor to represent tumor position while the contrast of implanted clip is highly observable rather than tumor. As alternative, using natural anatomical landmarks located at thorax region of patient body is proposed to extract tumor position information without implanting clips that is invasive method with possible side effect. Among natural landmarks, ribs of rib-cage structure that result proper visualization at X-ray images may be optimal as representative for tumor motion. In this study, we investigated the existence of possible correlation between ribs as natural anatomical landmarks and various lung and liver tumors located at different sites as challenging issue. A simulation study was performed using data extracted from 4-dimensional extended cardiac-torso anthropomorphic phantom that is able to simulate motion effect of dynamic organs, as well. Several tumor sites with predefined distances originated from chosen ribs at anterior–posterior direction were simulated at 3 upper, middle, and lower parts of chest. Correlation coefficient between ribs and tumors was calculated to investigate the robustness of ribs as anatomical landmarks for tumor motion tracking. Moreover, a consistent correlation model was taken into account to track tumor motion with a rib as best candidate among selected ribs. Final results represent availability of using rib cage as anatomical landmark to track lung and liver tumors in a noninvasive way. Observations of our calculations showed a proper correlation between tumors and ribs while the degree of this correlation is changing depends on tumor site while lung tumors are more varied and complex with less correlation with ribs motion against liver tumors.

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In Vivo Talocrural and Subtalar Kinematics: A Non-invasive 3D Dynamic MRI Study

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.3113/fai.2007.0323 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 323-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Frances T. Sheehan ◽

Andrea R. Seisler ◽

Karen Lohmann Siegel

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Mri ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Mri Study

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To the 140th anniversary of the legendary Professor of surgery V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky (Archbishop Luka)

Vestnik of Russian military medical Academy ◽

10.17816/brmma12364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 257-260

Author(s):

T Sh Morgoshiya ◽

V Ya Apchel

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Regional Anesthesia ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Gunshot Wounds ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

City Hospital ◽

Operative Surgery ◽

Topographical Anatomy ◽

The University

The main milestones of life and professional path of an outstanding surgeon of the 20th century Voyno-Yasenetsky (Archbishop Luka) are considered. In 1915, Voino-Yasenetsky published a book «Regional anesthesia» in Staint Petersburg with his own illustrations, and in 1916 he defended his doctoral dissertation in Moscow University on regional anesthesia: the thesis was awarded the prize of the University of Warsaw. In 1917-1930s he worked in Tashkent - the first doctor-surgeon of the city hospital, and from March 1917 - a chief doctor. Since 1920 Voyno-Yasenetsky became a Professor of topographical anatomy and operative surgery at newly established Turkestan University. Voyno-Yasenetsky made great contributions to practical surgery. In his honor several operation were named: resection of affected by purulent process in the sacroiliac joint, the posterior part of the Ilium (pelvic resection by Voyno-Yasenetsky), operation of excision of the affected skin and fatty tissue of the axillary fossa when multiple hidradenitis (Voyno-Yasenetsky operation), incision in the popliteal fossa, supplementing arthrotomy purulent chase (cut by Voyno- Yasenetsky). Also he worked on other problems of clinical surgery. Voyno-Yasenetsky invented the original closure method of the wound located on the periphery of the diaphragm (Voyno-Yasenetsky method). He proposed a new method of spleen mobilization and ligation of blood vessels during splenectomy (Voyno-Yasenetsky method). He described important for surgeons topographic- anatomical landmarks - the projection of the sciatic nerve on the skin back of thigh (Voyno-Yasenetsky line) and the place of exit of the sciatic nerve under the gluteal folds (Voyno-Yasenetsky point). For the books «Sketches of purulent surgery» (1943) and «Late resections of infected gunshot wounds of the joints» (1944) in 1946 he was awarded the Stalin prize of the first degree. Since 1946, in connection with the illness, he departed from surgical activity and before the end of his life he lived in Simferopol (Crimea).

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In Vivo Talocrural and Subtalar Kinematics: A Non-invasive 3D Dynamic MRI Study

Yearbook of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0162-0908(08)70074-6 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 74-75

Author(s):

M.R. Pierrynowski

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Mri ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Mri Study

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Selected Acoustic Characteristics of Pathologic and Normal Speakers

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.2302.361 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 361-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Thomas Murry ◽

E. Thomas Doherty

Keyword(s):

Fundamental Frequency ◽

Laryngeal Cancer ◽

Acoustic Characteristics ◽

Voice Production ◽

Normal Voice ◽

Speaking Fundamental Frequency ◽

Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to determine if measures of speaking fundamental frequency and its perturbation could be useful in differentiating talkers with no known vocal pathology and talkers with cancer of the larynx. Ten male subjects, five with a diagnosed malignancy of the larynx and five with normal voice, produced speech samples from which five voice production measures were obtained: the average speaking fundamental frequency (SFF), SFF variability during the reading of a sentence, the f 0 of a sustained vowel and a percent and magnitude jitter value. The perturbation factors, both directional and magnitudinal, during sustained vowels were found to be significant in discriminating normal talkers from those with laryngeal cancer. The speaking funda- mental frequency and its variability during the reading of a sentence improved the dis- criminant function.

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Muscular Variation In The Neck Region With Narrowing Of The Minor And Major Supraclavicular Fossa

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2478 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Humberto Ferreira Arquez

Keyword(s):

Anterior Part ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Posterior Part ◽

Neck Region ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

External Jugular Vein ◽

Anatomical Landmarks ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Posterior Triangle ◽

Supraclavicular Fossa

Background: The sternocleidomastoideus muscle is the most prominent landmarks of the surface anatomy of the neck, separates the anterior part of the neck (anterior triangle) from the posterior part of the neck (posterior triangle). An accessory head of sternocleidomastoideus muscle may cause complications while trying to access vital neurovascular structures that are located in the minor and major supraclavicular fossa. The purpose of this study is to describe an anatomical variation of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle and clinical impact. Methods and Findings: The anatomical variations described were found during routine dissection conducted in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona in two male cadavers of 47 and 75 years respectively. Measurements were taken using a Vernier caliper. Topographic details of the variations were examined, recorded and photographed. The morphological variations in the number of heads (three and four) of origin of sternocleidomastoideus muscle was found in two male subjects in right and left neck, bilaterally. The posterior cervical triangle was diminished. The bilateral narrowing of the minor and major supraclavicular fossa minimizing space needed for potential surgical access. The branching patterns of the spinal accessory nerve and arterial patterns were normal. Conclusions: The Knowledge of the presence of additional heads of sternocleidomastoideus muscle it might cause difficulties in subclavian or external jugular vein catheterization, and in surgical interventions involving structures lying under the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. These variations must be kept in mind while approaching the region to avoid complications as the classical anatomical landmarks might be misinterpreted and confuse.

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