Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Intestinal parasitic infections are major public health problems throughout the world, particularly in people living with HIV/AIDS. People living with HIV/AIDS are vulnerable groups for a variety of diseases, hence they are easily affected by opportunistic and non-opportunistic intestinal parasites due to the weakening of their immunity. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Methods Articles were identified through search engines in the online electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, HINARI, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and reference lists of previous studies following the PRISMA Protocol. Studies conducted between 2003 and 2020 with English language were included in this study. This review included papers with having high-quality NOS scores. Meta-analysis was computed using STATA version 11 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q-test and I2 test statistics. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis was employed with evidence of heterogeneity. Publication bias was determined using the funnel plot and Egger’s regression test statistic. Results This study included a total of twenty-two cross-sectional studies with 5,833 study participants. The mean age of the study participants was 35 years old. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia was 39.15% (95%CI: 32.34, 45.95). The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS who had taking ART and who had not to start ART was found to be 28.27% (95%CI 22.47, 34.06) and 41.63% (95%CI: 28.75, 54.52) respectively. Unavailability of latrine (AOR: 4.87, (95% CI: 2.39, 9.92)), CD4+ T cell count <200cells/μl ((AOR: 3.53, (95%CI: 1.98, 6.27)), and having a history of diarrhea (AOR: 4.79 (95%CI: 1.53, 14.99) were factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusion In this study, the overall pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia was relatively high. CD4+ T-cell count <200cells/μl, unavailability of a latrine, and history of diarrhea were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Therefore, the policymakers and health care professionals could give special attention to the presence of latrines, early detection and treatment of intestinal parasitic infections, and early initiation of ART drugs.

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The prevalence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0257630

Author(s):

Habtye Bisetegn ◽

Hussien Ebrahim

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Random Effect ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia are frequently encountered hematological disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to indicate the national prevalence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia among HIV/AIDS patients. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted from February 01, 2021 to April 02, 2021 using electronic databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google, EMBASE, SCOPUS and ResearchGate. The quality of the included studies was assessed using Newcastle—Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) adapted for cross-sectional studies. Data analysis was done using STATA version 14 using metan commands. Random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Result Of the 349 initially searched articles, 90 were assessed for eligibility and only 13 articles published from 2014 to 2020 were included in the final meta-analysis. A total of 3854 participants were involved in the included studies. The pooled prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 9.69% (95%CI; 7.40–11.97%). Significant heterogeneity was observed with I2 value of 84.7%. Thrombocytopenia was 11.91% and 5.95% prevalent among HAART naive and HAART exposed HIV/AIDS patients, respectively. The pooled prevalence of leucopenia among HIV/AIDS patients was 17.31% (95%CI: 12.37–22.25%). Conclusion This study showed a high prevalence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia among people living with HIV/AIDS, indicating the necessity of regular screening of HIV seropositive patients for different hematological parameters and providing treatment.

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Burden of Talaromyces marneffei infection in people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia during ART era: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.13575/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Qin ◽

Xiaojie Huang ◽

Hui Chen ◽

Xinchao Liu ◽

Yao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Lower Latitude ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Dimorphic Fungus ◽

Talaromyces Marneffei ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background： Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is a dimorphic fungus mainly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries, which often causes disseminated life-threatening infection. TM infection often occurs in HIV/AIDS patients even in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, there has as yet, not been a systematic analysis of the prevalence of TM infection in HIV-infected populations in AsiaMethods：In this study, we searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang from inception to 21 November 2018 for studies reporting TM infection in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Our meta-analysis included studies investigating the prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA. Reviews, duplicate studies, and animal studies were excluded. A random effects model was used to estimate pooled prevalence, and meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore potential factors for heterogeneity.Results： 159,064 patients with HIV infection in 33 eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA was 3.6%. Vietnam had the highest prevalence (6.4%), followed by Thailand (3.9%), China (3.3%), India (3.2%) and Malaysia (2.1%). In China, TM infection was most prevalent in South China (15.0%), while the burden in Southwest China was not very heavy (0.3%). CD4+ T-cell counts below 200cells/mm3 contributed to the increased risk of TM infection in PLWHA (OR 12.68, 95%CI: 9.58-16.77). However, access to ART did not significantly decrease the risk of TM infection in PLWHA.Conclusions： The burden of TM infection in Asia is heavy, and varies from region to region. PLWHA in lower latitude areas are more likely to suffer from TM infection. Optimization of diagnostic tools and universal screening for TM in vulnerable people to ensure early case detection and prompt antifungal treatment should be considered.

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Burden of Talaromyces marneffei infection in people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia during ART era: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.13575/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Qin ◽

Xiaojie Huang ◽

Hui Chen ◽

Xinchao Liu ◽

Yao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Lower Latitude ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Dimorphic Fungus ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Talaromyces Marneffei ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is a dimorphic fungus mainly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries, which often causes disseminated life-threatening infection. TM infection often occurs in HIV/AIDS patients even in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, there has not been a systematic analysis of the prevalence of TM infection in HIV-infected populations in Asia.Methods：In this study, we searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang from inception to 21 November 2018 for studies reporting TM infection in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Our meta-analysis included studies investigating the prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA. Reviews, duplicate studies, and animal studies were excluded. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore potential factors for heterogeneity.Results： 159,064 patients with HIV infection in 33 eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA was 4.0%. Vietnam had the highest prevalence (6.4%), followed by Thailand (3.9%), China (3.3%), India (3.2%) and Malaysia (2.1%). In China, TM infection was most prevalent in South China (15.0%), while the burden in Southwest China was not very heavy (0.3%). TM infection in PLWHA in lower latitude area was significantly more prevalent than that in higher latitude area (OR 2.838, 95%CI: 2.376-3.390, P<0.001). CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3 increased the risk of TM infection in PLWHA (OR 12.68, 95%CI: 9.58-16.77). However, accessing ART did not significantly decrease the risk of TM infection in PLWHA. Conclusions： The burden of TM infection is heavy in Asia and varies from region to region. PLWHA in lower latitude areas are more likely to suffer from TM infection. Optimization of diagnostic tools and universal screening of TM in vulnerable people for early case detection and for prompt antifungal treatment should be considered.

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Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among street dwellers and prison inmates: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255641

Author(s):

Daniel Getacher Feleke ◽

Yonas Alemu ◽

Habtye Bisetegn ◽

Melat Mekonnen ◽

Nebiyou Yemanebrhane

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Prison Inmates ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Study Participants ◽

Street Dwellers

Background Intestinal parasitic infections are closely associated with low household income, poor personal and environmental sanitation, and overcrowding, limited access to clean water, tropical climate and low altitude. Street dwellers and prisoners are forced to live in deprived situations characterized by inadequate facilities. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among street dwellers and prison inmates. Method Study searches were carried out in Electronic data bases such as PubMed/Medline, HINARI, EMBASE, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. Studies published only in English and have high quality Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) scores were included for analysis using Stata version 14 software. Random-effects meta-analysis model was used for analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane’s Q test and I2 test statistics with its corresponding p-values. Moreover, subgroup, sensitivity analyses and publication bias were computed. Result Seventeen eligible studies consist of 4,544 study participants were included. Majority of the study participants were males (83.5%) and the mean age of the study participants was 25.7 years old. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among street dwellers and prison inmates was 43.68% (95% CI 30.56, 56.79). Sub-group analysis showed that the overall pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among prison inmates and street dwellers was 30.12% (95%CI: 19.61, 40.62) and 68.39% (95%CI: 57.30, 79.49), respectively. There was statistically significant association between untrimmed fingernail and intestinal parasitic infections (AOR: 1.09 (95%CI: 0.53, 2.23). Conclusion In this study, the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among street dwellers and prison inmates was relatively high. Fingernail status had statistically significant association with intestinal parasitic infection. The prevention and control strategy of intestinal parasitic infection should also target socially deprived segment of the population such as street dwellers and prison inmates.

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The prevalence of alcohol use disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-019-0240-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bereket Duko ◽

Mohammed Ayalew ◽

Getinet Ayano

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Prevalence Estimate ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and associated with a greater risk of poor medication adherence, unsafe sexual behaviors as well as poor quality of life. To our knowledge, there is no previous systematic review and meta-analysis that reported the pooled prevalence estimate of AUD among PLWHA. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically review the available studies on the prevalence of AUD among PLWHA and forward possible recommendations for future clinical practice and research. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Psych INFO and SCOPUS databases were searched to identify the relevant studies. We have also scanned the reference lists of the eligible studies to supplement our electronic search. We used the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software versions 3.0 to conduct a meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed and Cochran’s Q- and the I2- test were employed to see the heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias was explored by utilizing Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. Results A total of 25 studies with 25,154 participants across developed and developing countries were included in the final analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence estimate of AUD among PLWHA was found to be 29.80% (95% CI; 24.10–35.76). The prevalence of AUD was higher in males (26.90%) than female (13.37%) HIV patients. In this study, the pooled prevalence of AUD was considerably higher (31.52%) when measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as compared to Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (13.51%). In addition, the pooled prevalence of AUD was higher in the developed countries (42.09%) while lower for developing countries (24.52%). Conclusion In the current study, the pooled prevalence estimates of AUD among PLWHA was considerably high (29.80%). Screening and appropriate management of AUD among PLWHA are recommended.

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National Burden of Intestinal Parasites and Its Determinants Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-118269/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tadesse Yirga Akalu ◽

Yared Asmare Aynalem ◽

Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw ◽

Yoseph Merkeb Alamneh ◽

Asmamaw Getnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Intestinal Parasitosis ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Intestinal parasites are a group of opportunistic gastrointestinal diseases commonly encountered among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Intestinal parasites increased the risk of morbidity and mortality among these vulnerable populations. Therefore, to design appropriate prevention strategies, up-to-date information concerning prevalence of intestinal parasite is crucial. However, studies assessing the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite in Ethiopia are inconsistent and widely varied. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis is designed to assess the pooled prevalence and determine risk factors.Methods: International databases; PubMed, Web of Science,Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to determine publication bias. The I2 statistic was used to check heterogeneity between the studies. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled effect size. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Sensitivity analysis was done to see the effect of a single study on the overall estimation. STATA version 14 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.Results: A total of 27 studies with 8,946 individuals were used to estimate the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among people living with HIV.The estimated pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 40.24% (95% CI: 33.8–46.6). Subgroup analysis of this study revealed that the highest prevalence was observed in Tigray region 45.7% (95% CI: 7.9-83.5), followed by Oromia region 42.2% (95% CI: 28.8–55.6). Availability of latrine (OR: 26.6, 95%CI: 2.8-15.8), presence of animal (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-5.8) and source of drinking water (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3-7.5) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis.Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal parasite was high in Ethiopia. There should be a need to work for improving the hygienic standard on quality of drinking water and regular utilization of latrine among people living with HIV/AIDS.

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Burden of Talaromyces marneffei infection in people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia during ART era: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.13575/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Qin ◽

Xiaojie Huang ◽

Hui Chen ◽

Xinchao Liu ◽

Yao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Lower Latitude ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Infection Prophylaxis ◽

Dimorphic Fungus ◽

Cd4 Counts ◽

Talaromyces Marneffei ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background： Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is a dimorphic fungus mainly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries, which often causes disseminated life-threatening infection. TM infection often occurs in HIV/AIDS patients even in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, there has not been a systematic analysis of the prevalence of TM infection in HIV-infected populations in Asia. Methods：In this study, we searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang from inception to 21 November 2018 for studies reporting TM infection in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Our meta-analysis included studies investigating the prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA. Reviews, duplicate studies, and animal studies were excluded. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore potential factors for heterogeneity. Results： 159,064 patients with HIV infection in 33 eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA was 4.0%. Vietnam had the highest prevalence (6.4%), followed by Thailand (3.9%), China (3.3%), India (3.2%) and Malaysia (2.1%). In China, TM infection was most prevalent in South China (15.0%), while the burden in Southwest China was not very heavy (0.3%). TM infection in PLWHA in lower latitude area was significantly more prevalent than that in higher latitude area (OR 2.838, 95%CI: 2.376-3.390, P<0.001). CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3 increased the risk of TM infection in PLWHA (OR 12.68, 95%CI: 9.58-16.77). However, accessing ART did not significantly decrease the risk of TM infection in PLWHA.Conclusions： The burden of TM infection is heavy in Asia and varies from region to region. PLWHA in lower latitude areas are more likely to suffer from TM infection. Prophylaxis against TM should be given to HIV-infected people with low CD4 counts who is living in or has visited endemic areas.

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Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03908-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zelalem Animaw ◽

Addisu Melese ◽

Habtamu Demelash ◽

Girma Seyoum ◽

Abiy Abebe

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are public health problems widely distributed in the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality; many of which occur among women of reproductive age. IPIs caused by helminthes and protozoan parasites are common among pregnant women. Data on the national pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors during pregnancy is not documented well in Ethiopia. This review aims at summarizing evidences on the burden of IPIs and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods Published and unpublished studies were thoroughly searched at MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Science Direct. In addition, repositories of Addis Ababa, Gondar and Jimma Universities were searched. Eligible studies were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and summary odds ratios (ORs) were determined with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Sub-groups analyses were done based on study region, types of parasites, methods of stool examination and study setting. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0 software. Results Among 168 retrieved studies, 31 studies with a total population of 12,118 pregnant women were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 27.32 % (95 % CI: 20.61, 33.87 %). In the subgroup analysis, Oromia and Amhara regions had the highest prevalence with a 29.78 % (95 % CI: 15.97, 43.60) and 29.63 % (95 % CI: 15.37, 43.89); respectively. In addition, studies conducted in the community showed higher prevalence than institution based studies (49.93 % Vs 24.84 %; respectively). The most prevalent type of intestinal parasite identified were Hookworm followed by Ascaris lumbricoides with a pooled prevalence of 11.2 and 10.34 %, respectively. In our analysis; residence, being bare footed, lack of hand washing habit and eating uncooked/raw vegetables were significantly associated with IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Conclusions Prevalence of IPIs during pregnancy is relatively high in Ethiopia. Poor hygienic practices were identified as risk factors. Based on our finding, targeted preventive measures shall be considered so as to prevent morbidity and mortality due to IPIs.

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Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Association with Serostatus Disclosure among People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18608/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abere Woretaw Azagew ◽

Chilot Kassa Mekonnen ◽

Abebaw Jember Ferede ◽

Kassahun Gebeyehu Yazew ◽

Zewdu Baye Tezera

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Serostatus Disclosure ◽

Highly Active ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a public health challenge worldwide. Non-adherence to HAART leads to treatment, immunologic, and virological failure. Despite different interventions made, adherence to HAART among adult people living with HIV (PLWHIV) is still inconsistent across studies, and the effect of serostatus disclosure on adherence to HAART was not studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study is aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of adherence to HAART and its relationship with serostatus disclosure among adult PLWHIV in Ethiopia.Methods: We searched 3247 original articles, both published and unpublished on Ethiopia dated from January 2016 to November 2019 by using different search engines. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel. New Castle Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool was used. STATA software version 11 was used for analysis. A random-effects model for meta-analysis was computed. Cochran Q statistics and I2 were used to estimate heterogeneity. Egger’s and Begg’s test was used to assess the publication bias.Results: A total of fifteen articles for systematic review and four articles for meta-analysis were used. The pooled prevalence of adherence to HAART is found to be 81.19% (80.1, 82.3). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of adherence to HAART was 79.82% (73.19, 86.45) in the Oromia region, 82.51 %( 73.14, 91.87) in the Amhara region, and 72.7% (63.78, 81.61) in the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR). The serostatus disclosure improves adherence to HAART by nearly three times compared to non-serostatus disclosed PLWHIV (AOR=2.99, 95 %CI: 1.88, 4.77).Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of adherence to HAART among adult PLWHIV in Ethiopia was found to be low compared to WHO antiretroviral treatment recommendations. Having serostatus disclosure improved adherence to HAART.

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