scholarly journals EPG analysis of stylet penetration preference of woolly apple aphid on different parts of apple trees

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256641
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Xiumei Tan ◽  
Ziwen Teng ◽  
Lingjun Du ◽  
Hongxu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Phase Wave ◽  
Relative Field ◽  
Penetration Behavior ◽  
Different Parts

Woolly apple aphid (WAA), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), is an important global pest that feeds on Malus species. We studied the feeding preference of WAA on apple trees in the field for two consecutive years and in the laboratory we used electronic penetration graphs (EPG) to record the stylet penetration behavior of WAA on different parts of apple trees. We found that in the field WAA fed primarily on twigs and branches, not on leaves and fruits. Six EPG waveforms were produced during WAA probing on shoots, trunks and leaves of apple trees, including the non-penetration wave (np), the stylet pathway phase wave (C), the intracellular feeding wave (pd), the xylem feeding wave (G), waves indicative of release of saliva into the phloem (E1), and a wave indicative of ingestion from phloem (E2). In the laboratory, aphids only successfully fed on shoots, trunks and leaves, not on fruits. The EPG parameters on the phloem of shoots were significantly higher than those on trunks, indicating WAA prefer to feed on shoots. These laboratory findings explain the relative field feeding preference of WAA on different parts of apple trees, which occurs primarily on branches, barks, and young twigs in orchards, especially on young twigs.

Soil application of systemic insecticides for control of woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum (Hsm.)) in Rhodesia

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Systemic Insecticides

Previous attempts to control Woolly Apple Aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum (Hsm.)) in Rhodesia are briefly reviewed. By the application of dimethoate at a rate of more than 5.0 grams a.i. or of vamidothion at more than 6.0 grams a.i. to the soil in the drip area of the tree, it was found that good control of both the foliar and root populations of the insect could be obtained on three-year-old apple trees 10 feet high. and the treatment appeared to remain effective for three seasons. It is considered that the timing of the application, the soil temperature, and the amount of wead cover are all important factors in affecting the amount of insecticide taken up by the apple trees.

scholarly journals Parasitism on Eriosoma lanigerum (Homoptera: Aphididae) by Aphelinus mali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on apple orchards, in Fraiburgo county, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bittencourt Monteiro ◽  
Alexander Souza ◽  
Edson Luiz Belli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
One Year

The parasitism of the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann) by Aphelinus mali (Hald.) was evaluated in apple orchards cultivated with the varieties Gala and Fuji in Fraiburgo County, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Colonies of the woolly apple aphid were evaluated during one year on 16 apple trees of each variety, starting in August 1999. The number of aphids at the mummy stage or presenting the orifice of the parasitoid emergence was recorded. Results have shown that A. mali parasitized more than 50% of the woolly apple aphids and occurred during the four seasons. It was concluded that that under these conditions no chemical control against the aphid is necessary for the apple varieties Gala and Fuji.

SOME ASPECTS OF A RYANIA-GLYODIN SPRAY SCHEDULE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA APPLE ORCHARDS: I. ENTOMOLOGICAL, HORTICULTURAL, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. G. Morgan ◽  
N. H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Predacious Mites ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Lime Sulphur ◽  
Modified Schedule

In apple orchards at Summerland, B.C., four applications of 100 per cent ryania at 48 lb. per acre per application, with glyodin as the fungicide, gave control of light infestations of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), similar to that from four sprays of 50 per cent DDT at 12 lb. per acre, with lime-sulphur, ferbam, and wettable sulphur. In a heavily-infested orchard, ryania was inferior to DDT. The ryania-glyodin schedule also controlled the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.), and the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG. It had little detrimental effect on predacious mites. Except for the apple rust mite, Vasates schlechtendali (Nal.), phytophagous mites were usually not so troublesome where the modified schedule was used.Packing-house records showed that the ryania-glyodin schedule reduced the size and lowered the grade of McIntosh, Newtown, and Delicious apples, and reduced the size of Red Delicious. Grade of Red Delicious was better with the modified than with the standard schedule. The 1954 applications of the modified schedule evidently reduced the size of the 1955 crops on all varieties; most seriously affected were McIntosh with 76.2 per cent reduction and Delicious with 53.7 per cent.

Some Notes on the Dipterous Enemies of Aphids Harmful for Apple Growing in Nova Scotia

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Evenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Dysaphis Plantaginea ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
Made In

During a stay at the Research Station, Canada Department of Agriculture at Kentville, Nova Scotia, from July 3 to October 16, 1959, I had the opportunity to make some observations on the natural enemies of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausm.), the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Pass.), and the green apple aplud, Aphis pomi Deg. An inventory of these enemies was made in the Annapolis Valley in apple orchards. sprayed according to the principles of the spray schedule of Dr. A. D. Pickett. This schedule avoids spraying with fungicides and insecticides such as sulphur and phosphorus compounds, which are very harmful to the enemies of a number of pests, studied by Dr. Picktett and his staff (cf. Pickett 1959). The dipterous predators and their enemies are dealt with in this paper.

TOWARDS IMPROVED CONTROL OF WOOLLY APPLE APHID (ERIOSOMA LANIGERUM) IN INTEGRATED FRUIT PRODUCTION

2011 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Beliën ◽  
E. Bangels ◽  
G. Peusens ◽  
D. Goossens ◽  
N. Berkvens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production

Laboratory comparison of twoAphelinus maliclades for control of woolly apple aphid from Hebei Province, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
M. Su ◽  
X. Tan ◽  
Q. Yang ◽  
C. Zhao ◽  
F. Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shandong Province ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
Effective Accumulated Temperature ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Accumulated Temperature

AbstractAphelinus mali(Haldeman) is an effective natural enemy of woolly apple aphid (WAA),Eriosoma lanigerum(Hausmann). Previous studies have found that, with WAA from Shandong Province (Qingdao) as the host, there are significant differences in various biological characteristics between a Shandong clade and Liaoning clade ofA. mali. The ability of the Shandong clade to control this aphid was significantly higher than that of the Liaoning clade in Shandong Province. In order to determine whether differences were caused by better adaptation of the Shandong parasitoid clade to the population of the host in that province or if it represents a more general fitness of this clade to control the host regardless of location, we compared the same parasitoid clades with hosts from Hebei Province. We found no significant differences in the developmental threshold temperature, effective accumulated temperature, fecundity, longevity, and oviposition period of the two clades, but the duration of host searching of the Shandong clade was significantly longer than that of the Liaoning clade. The instantaneous attack rate, the control ability (a/Th), the search parameter (Q) of the Shandong clade (0.0946, 0.543, 0.0725) ofA. maliwere higher than that of the Liaoning clade (0.0713, 0.382, 0.0381), and therefore, with WAA from Hebei Province as the host, the host adaptability of the Shandong clade ofA. maliwas not worse than that of the Liaoning clade, while the pest control ability of the Shandong clade was still greater than that of the Liaoning clade.

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