scholarly journals Training the domestic ferret to discriminate odors associated with wildlife disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259415
Author(s):  
Glen J. Golden ◽  
Maryanne Opiekun ◽  
Talia Martin-Taylor ◽  
Bruce A. Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Mustela Putorius

Recent avian influenza infection outbreaks have resulted in global biosecurity and economic concerns. Mallards are asymptomatic for the disease and can potentially spread AI along migratory bird flyways. In a previous study, trained mice correctly discriminated the health status of individual ducks on the basis of fecal odors when feces from post-infection periods were paired with feces from pre-infection periods. Chemical analyses indicated that avian influenza infection was associated with a marked increase of acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) in feces. In the current study, domesticated male ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were trained to display a specific conditioned response (i.e. active scratch alert) in response to a marked increase of acetoin in a presentation of an acetoin:1-octen-3-ol solution. Ferrets rapidly generalized this learned response to the odor of irradiated feces from avian influenza infected mallards. These results suggest that a trained mammalian biosensor could be employed in an avian influenza surveillance program.

scholarly journals Low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection retards colon microbiome diversification in two different chicken lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Chrzastek ◽  
Joy Leng ◽  
Mohammad Khalid Zakaria ◽  
Dagmara Bialy ◽  
Roberto LaRagione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
The Impact

A commensal microbiome regulates and is in turn regulated by viruses during host infection which can influence virus infectivity. In this study, analysis of colon microbiome population changes following a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (AIV) of the H9N2 subtype infection of two different chicken breeds was conducted. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and subsequent data analysis we found reduced microbiome alpha diversity in the acute period of AIV infection (day 2-3) in both Rhode Island Red and VALO chicken lines. From day 4 post infection a gradual increase in diversity of the colon microbiome was observed, but the diversity did not reach the same level as in uninfected chickens by day 10 post infection, suggesting that AIV infection retards the natural accumulation of colon microbiome diversity, which may further influence chicken health following recovery from infection. Beta diversity analysis indicated differences in diversity between the chicken lines during and following acute influenza infection suggesting the impact of host gut microflora dysbiosis following H9N2 influenza virus infection could differ for different breeds.

Description of national avian influenza surveillance program in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hachung Yoon ◽  
◽  
Oun-Kyong Moon ◽  
Jida Choi ◽  
Wooseog Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Program

scholarly journals Bridging the Local Persistence and Long-Range Dispersal of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIv): A Case Study of HPAIv-Infected Sedentary and Migratory Wildfowls Inhabiting Infected Premises

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dae-sung Yoo ◽  
Sung-Il Kang ◽  
Yu-Na Lee ◽  
Eun-Kyoung Lee ◽  
Woo-yuel Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
New Variant

The past two decades have seen the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infections that are characterized as extremely contagious, with a high fatality rate in chickens, and humans; this has sparked considerable concerns for global health. Generally, the new variant of the HPAI virus crossed into various countries through wild bird migration, and persisted in the local environment through the interactions between wild and farmed birds. Nevertheless, no studies have found informative cases associated with connecting local persistence and long-range dispersal. During the 2016–2017 HPAI H5N6 epidemic in South Korea, we observed several waterfowls with avian influenza infection under telemetric monitoring. Based on the telemetry records and surveillance data, we conducted a case study to test hypotheses related to the transmission pathway between wild birds and poultry. One sedentary wildfowl naturally infected with HPAI H5N6, which overlapped with the home range of one migratory bird with H5-specific antibody-positive, showed itself to be phylogenetically close to the isolates from a chicken farm located within its habitat. Our study is the first observational study that provides scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that the HPAI spillover into poultry farms is caused by local persistence in sedentary birds, in addition to its long-range dispersal by sympatric migratory birds.

scholarly journals Low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection retards colon microbiota diversification in two different chicken lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Chrzastek ◽  
Joy Leng ◽  
Mohammad Khalid Zakaria ◽  
Dagmara Bialy ◽  
Roberto La Ragione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Chicken Breeds

Abstract Background A commensal microbiota regulates and is in turn regulated by viruses during host infection which can influence virus infectivity. In this study, analysis of colon microbiota population changes following a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (AIV) of the H9N2 subtype infection of two different chicken breeds was conducted. Methods Colon samples were taken from control and infected groups at various timepoints post infection. 16S rRNA sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform was performed on the samples and the data mapped to operational taxonomic units of bacterial using a QIIME based pipeline. Microbial community structure was then analysed in each sample by number of observed species and phylogenetic diversity of the population. Results We found reduced microbiota alpha diversity in the acute period of AIV infection (day 2–3) in both Rhode Island Red and VALO chicken lines. From day 4 post infection a gradual increase in diversity of the colon microbiota was observed, but the diversity did not reach the same level as in uninfected chickens by day 10 post infection, suggesting that AIV infection retards the natural accumulation of colon microbiota diversity, which may further influence chicken health following recovery from infection. Beta diversity analysis indicated a bacterial species diversity difference between the chicken lines during and following acute influenza infection but at phylum and bacterial order level the colon microbiota dysbiosis was similar in the two different chicken breeds. Conclusion Our data suggest that H9N2 influenza A virus impacts the chicken colon microbiota in a predictable way that could be targeted via intervention to protect or mitigate disease.

scholarly journals A Multiplex Label-Free Approach to Avian Influenza Surveillance and Serology

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e0134484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Bucukovski ◽  
Neus Latorre-Margalef ◽  
David E. Stallknecht ◽  
Benjamin L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Label Free

scholarly journals Avian influenza surveillance at the human-animal interface in Lebanon, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Sirawan ◽  
Atika Berry ◽  
Rebecca Badra ◽  
Bassel El Bazzal ◽  
Mayssa Dabaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Human Animal

scholarly journals Transmission of Eurasian avian H2 influenza virus to shorebirds in North America

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 3167-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Makarova ◽  
N. V. Kaverin ◽  
S. Krauss ◽  
D. Senne ◽  
R. G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Gene Characterization ◽  
Eurasian Lineage ◽  
Antibody Panel ◽  
Antigenic Relationships

Influenza A virus of the H2 subtype caused a serious pandemic in 1957 and may cause similar outbreaks in the future. To assess the evolution and the antigenic relationships of avian influenza H2 viruses, we sequenced the haemagglutinin (HA) genes of H2 isolates from shorebirds, ducks and poultry in North America and derived a phylogenetic tree to establish their interrelationships. This analysis confirmed the divergence of H2 HA into two geographical lineages, American and Eurasian. One group of viruses isolated from shorebirds in North America had HA belonging to the Eurasian lineage, indicating an interregional transmission of the H2 gene. Characterization of HA with a monoclonal antibody panel revealed that the antigenicity of the Delaware strains differed from the other avian strains analysed. The data emphasizes the importance of avian influenza surveillance.

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