scholarly journals Bridging the Local Persistence and Long-Range Dispersal of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIv): A Case Study of HPAIv-Infected Sedentary and Migratory Wildfowls Inhabiting Infected Premises

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Dae-sung Yoo ◽  
Sung-Il Kang ◽  
Yu-Na Lee ◽  
Eun-Kyoung Lee ◽  
Woo-yuel Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
New Variant

The past two decades have seen the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infections that are characterized as extremely contagious, with a high fatality rate in chickens, and humans; this has sparked considerable concerns for global health. Generally, the new variant of the HPAI virus crossed into various countries through wild bird migration, and persisted in the local environment through the interactions between wild and farmed birds. Nevertheless, no studies have found informative cases associated with connecting local persistence and long-range dispersal. During the 2016–2017 HPAI H5N6 epidemic in South Korea, we observed several waterfowls with avian influenza infection under telemetric monitoring. Based on the telemetry records and surveillance data, we conducted a case study to test hypotheses related to the transmission pathway between wild birds and poultry. One sedentary wildfowl naturally infected with HPAI H5N6, which overlapped with the home range of one migratory bird with H5-specific antibody-positive, showed itself to be phylogenetically close to the isolates from a chicken farm located within its habitat. Our study is the first observational study that provides scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that the HPAI spillover into poultry farms is caused by local persistence in sedentary birds, in addition to its long-range dispersal by sympatric migratory birds.

Efficacy of clade 2.3.2 H5 commercial vaccines in protecting chickens from clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza infection

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1316-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-su Yuk ◽  
T.O. Erdene-Ochir ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kwon ◽  
Jin-Yong Noh ◽  
Woo-tack Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Outbreak evaluation of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Giasuddin ◽  
ME Haque ◽  
AHM Kamal ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
A Jahangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Bangladesh first experienced outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 in poultry 2007 and by December 2012 a total of five hundred fifty six (556) outbreaks have been reported of which four hundred ninety nine (499) outbreaks occur in commercial poultry farm as against only fifty seven (57) in backyard poultry chicken. The virus appeared to be a deadly pathogen causing a total of six hundred eight (608) human cases with three hundred fifty nine (359) deaths in the world. In Bangladesh seven (7) human cases have been reported with a singular mortality of a child acquiring the infection from household poultry. There had been six epidemic waves of AI outbreaks in Bangladesh since March 2007 and other new waves seem to have started. From the six year’s incidence analysis it was found that higher number of outbreaks occurred in the month of February followed by March. The outbreak started from the middle to late winter and continued up to summer. The phylogenetic analysis of viruses isolated till 2010 revealed only one clade 2.2 virus circulating in Bangladesh. But from 2011 two new clades 2.3.2 and 2.3.4 viruses have been introduced. In 2012, it was observed that Clade 2.2 viruses that was in circulation since 2007 were replaced by 2.3.2.1 viruses. Extensive backyard poultry including a large number of ducks, dense human population, and economic dependence of poor people on poultry with low awareness about risk of infection, live bird trading and poor bio-security were critical factors in the spread of avian influenza infection that posses key challenge in rapid containment. Because of the complex situation in poultry production and marketing system, attempts to control this disease through stamping out and bio-security measures have apparently failed in Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 44-49, Jan-Dec 2012

scholarly journals More cases of avian influenza infection in humans and poultry in Turkey

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Eighteen human cases of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in Turkey have been confirmed

Incidence and risk factors for H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza infection in flocks of apparently clinically healthy ducks

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HENNING ◽  
J. M. MORTON ◽  
H. WIBAWA ◽  
D. YULIANTO ◽  
T. B. USMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

SUMMARYA prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 96 smallholder duck farms in Indonesia over a period of 14 months in 2007 and 2008 to monitor bird- and flock-level incidence rates of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection in duck flocks, and to identify risk factors associated with these flocks becoming H5 seropositive. Flocks that scavenged around neighbouring houses within the village were at increased risk of developing H5 antibodies, as were flocks from which carcases of birds that died during the 2 months between visits were consumed by the family. Duck flock confinement overnight on the farm and sudden deaths of birds between visits were associated with lower risk of the flock developing H5 antibodies. Scavenging around neighbouring houses and non-confinement overnight are likely to be causal risk factors for infection. With this study we have provided insights into farm-level risk factors of HPAI virus introduction into duck flocks. Preventive messages based on these risk factors should be included in HPAI awareness programmes.

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