Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight0.75. The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal’s current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight0.75) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW0.75) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW0.75) and other purebreds (65.27xTW0.75). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs.

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Effect of Weight Loss Program on Anthropometric and Laboratory Measurements among Adult Obese Females: An Intervention Study

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab118.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ola S Ahmed ◽

Dalia G Sos ◽

Dina N. K Boulos ◽

Samia I El-Damaty ◽

Maysa A Samy

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Intervention Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Medical Problem ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Energy Restriction ◽

Laboratory Measurements ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

New Evidence

Abstract Background Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. It is a medical problem that increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers. New evidence supports the view that there is a relationship between consuming energy restricted diet during weight loss program on anthropometric measurements, example; weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and fat percentage. Objectives: to study the effect of weight loss program on anthropometric and laboratory measurements of adult obese females. Method: an intervention study was carried out in the obesity management clinics of National Nutritional institute. Results our findings demonstrate that energy restriction regimen results in modest effect on anthropometric and laboratory measurements which is statistically highly significant. Conclusion and Recommendation: Prevention of obesity should be a high priority in public health, with particular emphasis on encouraging healthy lifestyles in all age groups, starting from early childhood.

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Establishment of Adequate Nutrient Intake Criteria to Achieve Target Weight Loss in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061774 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1774

Author(s):

Hee-Sook Lim ◽

Yong Jin Kim ◽

Jihyun Lee ◽

Su-Jin Yoon ◽

Bora Lee

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Failure Group ◽

Target Weight ◽

Post Operation ◽

Success Group ◽

Physical Examinations ◽

Diet Control

Although bariatric surgery is the best treatment modality for morbidly obese patients, a 10–30% rate of weight recidivism has been reported in various specialized centers. We examined changes in energy and macronutrients after bariatric surgery and performed analysis to establish appropriate nutritional guidelines for reaching the target percentage of weight loss after surgery. A total of 189 subjects who underwent bariatric surgery were classified into success and failure groups depending on whether or not they reached 50% loss of excess weight at 12 months after bariatric surgery. Physical examinations and dietary surveys were completed before and 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the optimal cutoff points for nutrient intakes for determining success after bariatric surgery were computed based on maximal Youden’s index. At 6 and 12 months after surgery, the success group had significantly lower carbohydrate and fat intakes than the failure group. The cutoff calorie intake for success in weight loss was <835.0, <1132.5, and <1523.0 kcal/day at 1, 6, and 12 months post operation, respectively. With regard to protein, the cutoff intakes were >44.5, >41.5, and >86.5 g/day at 1, 6, and 12 months post operation, respectively. At 12 months, the cutoff ratio for energy obtained from carbohydrates, protein, and fat was <49.0, >24.5, and <28.0%, respectively. Our findings confirm that the level of diet control and nutrition restriction affect the achievement of target weight loss, emphasizing that long-term weight loss is related to compliance with nutrient recommendations.

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A weight loss protocol and owners participation in the treatment of canine obesity

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782005000600016 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1331-1338 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi ◽

Karina Nogueira Venturelli Gonçalves ◽

Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos ◽

Rodrigo Sousa Bazolli ◽

Márcio Antonio Brunetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Average Weight ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Food Management ◽

Modest Weight Loss ◽

Maintenance Energy Requirement

The success of a weight loss program for pets depends on the owners collaboration. Their compliance is fundamental in establishing the correct food management. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a weight loss program in two groups of dogs, one maintained under experimental conditions and the other with their owners. The same hypocaloric food was used to feed all animals, the amount being restricted to 60% of the estimated maintenance energy requirement for a 15% reduction of the present body weight of the dog. The animals were followed during 90 days. A standard questionnaire was used to study the owners' perception of obesity and its treatment. The protocol and the diet were found to be effective. The control dogs had an average weight loss of 1.39% per week. Dogs with owners lost on average 0.75% of their body weight per week, a statistically lower result (P<0.05), suggesting that the owners did not follow the treatment closely. The owners were clearly satisfied with the results that were obtained, even with this modest weight loss. The questionnaires were shown to be an important tool in determining the causes of canine obesity, as well as in the follow-up of the treatment.

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Free Weight-Loss Program With Meals Beat Usual Care

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(10)70861-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (17) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

DOUG BRUNK

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Usual Care ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Free Weight

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FIT – Do Something Different

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000035 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 25-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ben (C) Fletcher ◽

Jill Hanson ◽

Nadine Page ◽

Karen Pine

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Behavioral Intervention ◽

Behavioral Flexibility ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Life Skill ◽

Behavioral Repertoire ◽

Additional Weight

Two 3-month longitudinal studies examined weight loss following a 1-month behavioral intervention (FIT-DSD) focusing on increasing participants’ behavioral flexibility and breaking daily habits. The goal was to break the distal habits hypothesized as playing a role in unhealthy dietary and activity behaviors. The FIT-DSD intervention required participants to do something different each day and to engage in novel weekly activities to expand their behavioral repertoire. These activities were not food- or exercise-related. In Study 1, the FIT-DSD program was compared with a control condition where participants engaged in daily tasks not expected to influence behavioral flexibility. Study 2 used an active or quasicontrol group in which half the participants were also on food diets. Measures in both studies were taken pre-, post-, and post-postintervention. In Study 1, FIT-DSD participants showed greater weight loss that continued post-postintervention. In Study 2, all participants on the FIT-DSD program lost weight, weight loss continued post-postintervention, and participants who were also dieting lost no additional weight. A dose relationship was observed between increases in behavioral flexibility scores and weight loss, and this relationship was mediated by calorie intake. Corresponding reductions in BMI were also present. Increasing behavioral flexibility may be an effective approach for tackling obesity and also provides affective and potential life-skill benefits.

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