scholarly journals Denaturing-HPLC-Based Assay for Detection of ABL Mutations in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Resistant to Imatinib

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1205-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Soverini ◽  
Giovanni Martinelli ◽  
Marilina Amabile ◽  
Angela Poerio ◽  
Michele Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Imatinib Treatment ◽  
Abl Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr

Abstract Background: Despite the efficacy of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib mesylate for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resistance has been observed in a proportion of cases, especially those with advanced stages of the disease. Point mutations within the ABL kinase domain are emerging as the most frequent mechanism for reactivation of kinase activity within the leukemic clone. Methods: We developed a denaturing-HPLC (D-HPLC)-based assay for screening for ABL point mutations. For each sample, two partially overlapping fragments of 393 and 482 bp corresponding to the kinase domain were amplified by nested reverse transcription-PCR and analyzed under selected temperature and acetonitrile gradient conditions. Fifty-one bone marrow and/or peripheral blood specimens from 27 CML patients who showed cytogenetic resistance to Imatinib were screened in parallel by D-HPLC and by direct sequencing. Results: In 12 of 27 (44%) patients, D-HPLC showed an abnormal elution profile suggesting the presence of a nucleotide change. Direct sequencing confirmed the presence of a point mutation in all cases. Conversely, all samples scored as wild type by D-HPLC showed no evidence of mutations by direct sequencing. In two cases, novel amino acid substitutions at codons already known for being hot-spots of mutation were identified (F311I and E355D). Conclusions: The proposed D-HPLC-based assay is highly specific and at least as sensitive as sequencing; with respect to the latter, it provides a much faster and less expensive semiautomated system for mutational screening. It may therefore potentially be a valuable tool for regular, large-scale testing of patients undergoing Imatinib treatment.

scholarly journals BCR-ABL SH3-SH2 domain mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia patients on imatinib

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 3278-3285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Sherbenou ◽  
Oliver Hantschel ◽  
Ines Kaupe ◽  
Stephanie Willis ◽  
Thomas Bumm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Sh2 Domain ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Regulatory Domain ◽  
Imatinib Resistance

Abstract Point mutations in the kinase domain of BCR-ABL are the most common mechanism of drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with ABL kinase inhibitors, including imatinib. It has also been shown in vitro that mutations outside the kinase domain in the neighboring linker, SH2, SH3, and Cap domains can confer imatinib resistance. In the context of ABL, these domains have an autoinhibitory effect on kinase activity, and mutations in this region can activate the enzyme. To determine the frequency and relevance to resistance of regulatory domain mutations in CML patients on imatinib, we screened for such mutations in a cohort of consecutive CML patients with various levels of response. Regulatory domain mutations were detected in 7 of 98 patients, whereas kinase domain mutations were detected in 29. One mutation (T212R) conferred in vitro tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and was associated with relapse, whereas most other mutations did not affect drug sensitivity. Mechanistic studies showed that T212R increased the activity of ABL and BCR-ABL and that T212R-induced resistance may be partially the result of stabilization of an active kinase conformation. Regulatory domain mutations are uncommon but may explain resistance in some patients without mutations in the kinase domain.

scholarly journals Computational analysis of ABL kinase mutations allows predicting drug sensitivity against selective kinase inhibitors

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 101042831770164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapna Kamasani ◽  
Sravani Akula ◽  
Sree Kanth Sivan ◽  
Vijjulatha Manga ◽  
Justus Duyster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Abl Kinase

The ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib has been used as front-line therapy for Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. However, a significant proportion of imatinib-treated patients relapse due to occurrence of mutations in the ABL kinase domain. Although inhibitor sensitivity for a set of mutations was reported, the role of less frequent ABL kinase mutations in drug sensitivity/resistance is not known. Moreover, recent reports indicate distinct resistance profiles for second-generation ABL inhibitors. We thus employed a computational approach to predict drug sensitivity of 234 point mutations that were reported in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Initial validation analysis of our approach using a panel of previously studied frequent mutations indicated that the computational data generated in this study correlated well with the published experimental/clinical data. In addition, we present drug sensitivity profiles for remaining point mutations by computational docking analysis using imatinib as well as next generation ABL inhibitors nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, axitinib, and ponatinib. Our results indicate distinct drug sensitivity profiles for ABL mutants toward kinase inhibitors. In addition, drug sensitivity profiles of a set of compound mutations in ABL kinase were also presented in this study. Thus, our large scale computational study provides comprehensive sensitivity/resistance profiles of ABL mutations toward specific kinase inhibitors.

In Early-Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib, Resistance Is Rarely Mediated by Abl Kinase Domain Mutations.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Soverini ◽  
Alessandra Gnani ◽  
Sabrina Colarossi ◽  
Fausto Castagnetti ◽  
Elisabetta Abruzzese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cytogenetic Response ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Imatinib Resistance

Abstract Point mutations in the kinase domain (KD) of the Bcr-Abl gene are generally regarded as the most frequent mechanism of resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib mesylate (IM) in patients (pts) with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Nearly all studies, however, have focused mainly on pts with advanced disease, where resistance is most often observed. Nowadays, the great majority of pts on IM are early chronic phase (ECP) pts receiving IM as front-line treatment. If, on one hand, the IRIS study demonstrated that response rates are high and relapse is infrequent in ECP, on the other hand we still know very little on the contribution of KD mutations to resistance in this subset of pts. Between January 2005 and July 2007 we analyzed for the presence of Abl KD mutations one hundred and two ECP pts on IM who were referred to our laboratory because their response was defined either as ‘failure’ (n=70 pts) or as ‘suboptimal’ (n=32 pts) according to recently published recommendations (Baccarani et al, Blood 2006). Twenty mutations were detected in 17/70 (24%) pts who failed IM. In particular, mutations were observed in 1/2 pts who showed no hematologic response (HR) at 3 months, 1/10 (10%) pts who showed less than partial cytogenetic response (PCgR) at 12 months, 4/25 (16%) pts who showed less than complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) at 18 months, 6/23 (26%) pts who lost CCgR, 5/10 (50%) pts who lost HR. Mutations were M244V (n=2), G250E (n=1), Y253H (n=4), E255K (n=1), T277A (n=1), E279K (n=1), F311I (n=1), T315I (n=1), M351T (n=3), E355D (n=1), F359V (n=1), H396R (n=3). In 7 pts who progressed to accelerated or blastic phase shortly after, four had mutations: Y253H (n=2 pts), E255K (n=1 pt) and T315I (n=1 pt). Four mutations were detected in 4/32 (13%) pts who had a suboptimal response to IM. In particular, a mutation was observed in 1/11 (9%) pts who showed less than PCgR at 6 months and in 3/21 (14%) pts who showed less than CCgR at 12 months. Mutations were E255K, F317L, M351T, F359V. In both groups no correlation was observed between likelihood of mutation selection and Sokal risk score. We conclude that in ECP pts who receive IM as front-line treatment Abl KD mutations are not the major mechanism of drug-resistance, probably because mutations tend to accumulate during the natural course of the disease as a result of a progressively increasing genetic instability and are therefore a feature of CML clinical deterioration rather than a phenomenon observed only against a background of IM exposure. Our data highlight the need to find out which is the actual predominant mechanism(s) of resistance acting in the setting of ECP - which now gathers the overwhelming majority of CML pts on IM therapy - as a mandatory step towards the development of effective second-line treatment strategies.

scholarly journals The BCR-ABL35INS insertion/truncation mutant is kinase-inactive and does not contribute to tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (19) ◽  
pp. 5250-5254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O'Hare ◽  
Matthew S. Zabriskie ◽  
Christopher A. Eide ◽  
Anupriya Agarwal ◽  
Lauren T. Adrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Truncation Mutant ◽  
Tki Resistance

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia is effectively treated with imatinib, but reactivation of BCR-ABL frequently occurs through acquisition of kinase domain mutations. The additional approved ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) nilotinib and dasatinib, along with investigational TKIs such as ponatinib (AP24534) and DCC-2036, support the possibility that mutation-mediated resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia can be fully controlled; however, the molecular events underlying resistance in patients lacking BCR-ABL point mutations are largely unknown. We previously reported on an insertion/truncation mutant, BCR-ABL35INS, in which structural integrity of the kinase domain is compromised and all ABL sequence beyond the kinase domain is eliminated. Although we speculated that BCR-ABL35INS is kinase-inactive, recent reports propose this mutant contributes to ABL TKI resistance. We present cell-based and biochemical evidence establishing that BCR-ABL35INS is kinase-inactive and does not contribute to TKI resistance, and we find that detection of BCR-ABL35INS does not consistently track with or explain resistance in clinical samples from chronic myeloid leukemia patients.

BCR-ABL kinase domain mutation analysis in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: recommendations from an expert panel on behalf of European LeukemiaNet

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Soverini ◽  
Andreas Hochhaus ◽  
Franck E. Nicolini ◽  
Franz Gruber ◽  
Thoralf Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Abl Kinase

AbstractMutations in the Bcr-Abl kinase domain may cause, or contribute to, resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Recommendations aimed to rationalize the use of BCR-ABL mutation testing in chronic myeloid leukemia have been compiled by a panel of experts appointed by the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) and European Treatment and Outcome Study and are here reported. Based on a critical review of the literature and, whenever necessary, on panelists' experience, key issues were identified and discussed concerning: (1) when to perform mutation analysis, (2) how to perform it, and (3) how to translate results into clinical practice. In chronic phase patients receiving imatinib first-line, mutation analysis is recommended only in case of failure or suboptimal response according to the ELN criteria. In imatinib-resistant patients receiving an alternative TKI, mutation analysis is recommended in case of hematologic or cytogenetic failure as provisionally defined by the ELN. The recommended methodology is direct sequencing, although it may be preceded by screening with other techniques, such as denaturing-high performance liquid chromatography. In all the cases outlined within this abstract, a positive result is an indication for therapeutic change. Some specific mutations weigh on TKI selection.

scholarly journals Bosutinib is active in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after imatinib and dasatinib and/or nilotinib therapy failure

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (15) ◽  
pp. 3403-3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jean Khoury ◽  
Jorge E. Cortes ◽  
Hagop M. Kantarjian ◽  
Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini ◽  
Michele Baccarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cytogenetic Response ◽  
Abl Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has shown potent activity against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This phase 1/2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily bosutinib 500 mg in leukemia patients after resistance/intolerance to imatinib. The current analysis included 118 patients with chronic-phase CML who had been pretreated with imatinib followed by dasatinib and/or nilotinib, with a median follow-up of 28.5 months. In this subpopulation, major cytogenetic response was attained by 32% of patients; complete cytogenetic response was attained by 24%, including in one of 3 patients treated with 3 prior TKIs. Complete hematologic response was achieved/maintained in 73% of patients. On-treatment transformation to accelerated/blast phase occurred in 5 patients. At 2 years, Kaplan-Meier–estimated progression-free survival was 73% and estimated overall survival was 83%. Responses were seen across Bcr-Abl mutations, including those associated with dasatinib and nilotinib resistance, except T315I. Bosutinib had an acceptable safety profile; treatment-emergent adverse events were primarily manageable grade 1/2 gastrointestinal events and rash. Grade 3/4 nonhematologic adverse events (> 2% of patients) included diarrhea (8%) and rash (4%). Bosutinib may offer a new treatment option for patients with chronic-phase CML after treatment with multiple TKIs. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00261846.

scholarly journals Ponatinib induced improvement of cutaneous lesions associated to accelerated phase of Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2016016
Author(s):  
Massimo Breccia ◽  
Gioia Colafigli ◽  
Luisa Quattrocchi ◽  
Elisabetta Abruzzese ◽  
Giuliana Alimena
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Advanced Phase ◽  
Kinase Domain Mutation

Ponatinib a third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved for all phases of disease in CML. In advanced phase, has been confirmed with a good efficacy in all type of resistance, including T315I kinase domain mutation. We here report activity of the drug in advanced phase with extramedullary localization.

Mutation Analysis of ABL1 Gene and its Relation to the Achievement of Major Molecular Response in Indonesian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Reni Widyastuti ◽  
Melva Louisa ◽  
Ikhwan Rinaldi ◽  
Riki Nova ◽  
Instiaty Instiaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Imatinib Mesylate ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Major Molecular Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imatinib Resistance

Background: Imatinib mesylate is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy. Imatinib is an effective drug. However, previous studies have shown that about 20-30% of patients eventually would develop resistance to imatinib. Approximately 40% of imatinib resistance is associated with BCRABL kinase domain mutation. One of the most common and serious variations account for imatinib response is T315I of ABL1 gene. Objective: The study aimed to examine the association of T315I mutation with the ABL1 gene and its relation to major molecular response (MMR) achievement in CML patients. This study also examined other mutations adjacent to T315I, i.e., F311I, F317L, and different possible variations in the ABL1 gene. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on Indonesian CML patients in chronic phase. We analyzed 120 blood samples from patients in chronic phase who have received imatinib mesylate (IM) for ≥12 months. Results: There were no T315I, F311I, and F317L mutations found in this study. However, we found another variation, which was 36 substitutions from A to G at position 163816 of ABL1 gene (according to NG_012034.1). Conclusions: We found no T315I, F311I, and F317L mutations in this study. Our findings suggest that there might be other factors that influenced the MMR achievement in our study patients. However, there were 36 substitutions from A to G at position 163.816 (according to NG_012034.1) that needed further examination to explore the significance of this mutation in clinical practice.

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