scholarly journals Religious Upbringing and Neuroticism in Dutch Twin Families

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonneke Willemsen ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Twin Families

AbstractEvidence for a relation between neuroticism and religion is scarce and inconsistent. The aims of the present study were to determine the association of religious upbringing with adult neuroticism scores and to examine the effect of religious upbringing on the heritability of neuroticism. As part of a longitudinal survey of twin families from the Netherlands Twin Register, data were collected on neuroticism and religious upbringing. Restricting the sample to persons aged 25 and over resulted in a sample of 4369 twins and 1304 siblings from 2698 families. Religious upbringing was significantly associated with neuroticism; in both men and women neuroticism levels were lower in those who had received a religious upbringing. There were no sex or twinsibling differences in neuroticism variances and covariances. Structural equation modeling showed differences in heritability between those with and without religious upbringing. In the group with religious upbringing, variation in neuroticism was determined for 41% by additive genetic factors and for the remaining 59% by unique environmental factors. In the group who had not received a religious upbringing, variation in neuroticism was determined for 55% by genetic factors, with evidence for both additive and nonadditive factors, and for the remaining 45% by unique environmental influences. In conclusion, having received a religious upbringing is associated with lower neuroticism scores and a lower heritability in adulthood.

scholarly journals Explaining Sex Differences in Motorcyclist Riding Behavior: An Application of Multi-Group Structural Equation Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8797
Author(s):  
Savalee Uttra ◽  
Napat Laddawan ◽  
Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha ◽  
Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Perceived Behavior Control ◽  
Motorcycle Rider ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Road accidents are caused by humans, vehicles, and road environments. Human attitudes affect behavioral changes and can lead to unsafe riding behavior. The sex of an individual is a key factor that affects their riding behavior. We aimed to use structural equation modeling (SEM) by analyzing the multi-group SEM between men and women and applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the locus of control (LC) theory. The data used in the research were collected from all over Thailand, consisting of 1516 motorcycle riders (903 men and 613 women) aged over 20 years. A self-administered questionnaire was designed for data collection of the riding behavior using the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ), including traffic errors, control errors, stunt frequency, and safety equipment. We found that riding behaviors between men and women were significantly different in both theories. For men, TPB showed that the main factors that highly influenced motorcycle riding behavior (MRB) were the attitudes based on health motivation (AHM) and perceived behavior control (PC); for women, AHM produced a stronger effect than in men. However, for the subjective norms (SN) factor, we found no direct effect on MRB, but did find an indirect effect through the attitudes based on severity (ASE) in both sexes. Particularly for women, the indirect influence value of the SN factor was higher. For women, the LC showed that internal factors had more influence than external factors. The same was found for men, but the effect in women was significantly stronger. We found that sex significantly affected the MRB. Therefore, policies must be implemented that address each group specifically as their attitudes and behaviors are different.

Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Handedness and Footedness in Japanese Twin Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuichi Ooki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Japanese Education ◽  
Twin Children

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the genetic contribution to handedness and footedness in childhood using one of the largest available databases of Japanese twins. The participants were 1131 twin pairs, 1057 males and 1205 females, of 11 or 12 years of age (6th grade of secondary school in the Japanese education system). All data were gathered by questionnaire. The prevalence of left (nonright) handedness was 15% in males and 13% in females. The prevalence of left (nonright) footedness was 13% in males and 11% in females. The similarities between twin pairs, estimated by concordance rates and tetrachoric correlations, suggested a slight genetic effect on male handedness, no genetic effect on female handedness, and no genetic effect on footedness in either sex. Structural equation modeling showed small genetic factors (11%) in male handedness and no genetic factors in female handedness. As to footedness, no genetic factors were observed in either sex. The effects of nonshared environmental factors were large (85%) in males and moderate (44%) in females. Moreover, handedness and footedness tended to be concordant irrespective of sex, with polychoric correlations over r = .70. The results of bivariate genetic analyses were not necessarily satisfactory. For males, no model fit. For females, shared and nonshared environmental factors explained the concordance of handedness and footedness. It was concluded that the genetic effects on handedness and footedness are relatively small, as is their association; moreover, considerably large twin samples are needed to obtain stable and appropriate results.

Genetic and environmental determination of tracking in static strength during adolescence

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten W. Peeters ◽  
Martine A. Thomis ◽  
Hermine H. M. Maes ◽  
Gaston P. Beunen ◽  
Ruth J. F. Loos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Static Strength ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Measurement Occasion

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the observed phenotypic stability in static strength during adolescence, as measured by interage correlations in arm pull, is mainly caused by genetic and/or environmental factors. Subjects were from the Leuven Longitudinal Twin Study ( n = 105 pairs, equally divided over 5 zygosity groups). Arm-pull data were aligned on age at peak height velocity to attenuate the temporal fluctuations in interage correlations caused by differences in timing of the adolescent growth spurt. Developmental genetic models were fitted using structural equation modeling. After the data were aligned on age at peak height velocity, the annual interage correlations conformed to a quasi-simplex structure over a 4-yr interval. The best-fitting models included additive genetic and unique environmental sources of variation. Additive genetic factors that already explained a significant amount of variation at previous measurement occasions explained 44.3 and 22.5% of the total variation at the last measurement occasion in boys and girls, respectively. Corresponding values for unique environmental sources of variance are 31.2 and 44.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the observed stability of static strength during adolescence is caused by both stable genetic influences and stable unique environmental influences in boys and girls. Additive genetic factors seem to be the most important source of stability in boys, whereas unique environmental factors appear to be more predominant in girls.

scholarly journals Heritability of Type 2 Diabetes in the Washington State Twin Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ally R. Avery ◽  
Glen E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Adult Twins

AbstractApproximately 12% of U.S. adults have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diagnosed T2D is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors including age and lifestyle. In adults 45 years and older, the Discordant Twin (DISCOTWIN) consortium of twin registries from Europe and Australia showed a moderate-to-high contribution of genetic factors of T2D with a pooled heritability of 72%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of genetic and environmental factors of T2D in twins 45 years and older in a U.S. twin cohort (Washington State Twin Registry, WSTR) and compare the estimates to the DISCOTWIN consortium. We also compared these estimates with twins under the age of 45. Data were obtained from 2692 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs over 45 and 4217 twin pairs under 45 who responded to the question ‘Has a doctor ever diagnosed you with (type 2) diabetes?’ Twin similarity was analyzed using both tetrachoric correlations and structural equation modeling. Overall, 9.4% of MZ and 14.7% of DZ twins over the age of 45 were discordant for T2D in the WSTR, compared to 5.1% of MZ and 8% of DZ twins in the DISCOTWIN consortium. Unlike the DISCOTWIN consortium in which heritability was 72%, heritability was only 52% in the WSTR. In twins under the age of 45, heritability did not contribute to the variance in T2D. In a U.S. sample of adult twins, environmental factors appear to be increasingly important in the development of T2D.

scholarly journals Heritability of Gestational Weight Gain – A Swedish Register-Based Twin Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Scheers Andersson ◽  
Karri Silventoinen ◽  
Per Tynelius ◽  
Ellen A. Nohr ◽  
Thorkild I. A. Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Gestational Weight

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a complex trait involving intrauterine environmental, maternal environmental, and genetic factors. However, the extent to which these factors contribute to the total variation in GWG is unclear. We therefore examined the genetic and environmental influences on the variation in GWG in the first and second pregnancy in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin mother-pairs. Further, we explored if any co-variance existed between factors influencing the variation in GWG of the mothers’ first and second pregnancies. By using Swedish nationwide record-linkage data, we identified 694 twin mother-pairs with complete data on their first pregnancy and 465 twin mother-pairs with complete data on their second pregnancy during 1982–2010. For a subanalysis, 143 twin mother-pairs had complete data on two consecutive pregnancies during the study period. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the contribution of genetic, shared, and unique environmental factors to the variation in GWG. A bivariate Cholesky decomposition model was used for the subanalysis. We found that genetic factors explained 43% (95% CI: 36–51%) of the variation in GWG in the first pregnancy and 26% (95% CI: 16–36%) in the second pregnancy. The remaining variance was explained by unique environmental factors. Both overlapping and distinct genetic and unique environmental factors influenced GWG in the first and the second pregnancy. This study showed that GWG has a moderate heritability, suggesting that a large part of the variation in the trait can be explained by unique environmental factors.

De invloed van afwijkende werktijden op de werk-thuis situatie

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelon L.M. van Hooff ◽  
Maartje C. Bakhuys Roozeboom ◽  
Ernest M.M. de Vroome ◽  
Peter G.W. Smulders
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Home Work ◽  
Work Interference

The influence of working at non-standard working hours on the work-home situation The influence of working at non-standard working hours on the work-home situation M.L.M. van Hooff, M.C. Bakhuys Roozeboom, E.M.M. de Vroome & P.G.W. Smulders, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 23, September 2010, nr. 3, pp. 175-193. The present study was designed to map the causal relationships between non-standard working hours and work-home interference (WHI) and home-work interference (HWI). To this purpose, a longitudinal full-panel design was employed. Using such a design, we examined both the causal effects of non-standard working hours on WHI /HWI and the causal effects of WHI /HWI on non-standard working hours. We also investigated the moderating effect of gender in these relationships. Data were collected in two waves (2002 and 2004) among 337 Dutch employees and self-employed persons who lived together with a partner and had at least one child living in the household. We included evening work and weekend work as types of non-standard working hours. Data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. Results showed that, among women with children, evening work was related to elevated levels of WHI and HWI two years later. A comparable relationship for men with children was not found. A possible explanation for this finding is that for women working at non-standard hours appears to cause WHI and HWI, as working at non-standard hours interferes with their responsibilities at home, which they are still more often accountable for than men. Furthermore, WHI turned out to be related to an increase in evening work and weekend work two years later for both men and women. A possible explanation for this finding is that workers try to reduce WHI by means of working at non-standard hours.

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