Mood states and cytokine correlation in female soccer players with and without premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Objective To investigate the level of anxiety and its relationship with interleukin (IL)-10 (anti inflammatory cytokine that modulates mood swings) in a group of female soccer players. Methods Fifty-two eumenorrheic soccer players were evaluated (age 19.8 ± 4.7 years). The presence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and phases of the menstrual cycle were determined by a daily symptom report (DSR) kept for 3 consecutive months. The concentration of cytokine IL-10 was determined from urine samples collected at four moments: at the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and before (pre) and after (post) the simulated game, and it was quantified by flow cytometry (Luminex xMAP - EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The level of anxiety was determined through the BAI anxiety questionnaire answered by all athletes at the same time of the urine collection. The Student t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation with significance level at 5% were used for data analysis. Results We showed that the prevalence of PMS among female soccer players is similar to that reported in the literature. In addition, we showed that the group with PMS has a higher level of anxiety compared with group without PMS (p = 0.002). Interleukin-10 analysis in players without PMS revealed that there was a significant decrease in the level of this cytokine before the game during the luteal phase when compared with the follicular phase (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis between IL-10 and anxiety showed a negative correlation post-game in the luteal phase in the group without PMS (p = 0.02; r = -0.50) and a positive correlation post-game in the luteal phase in PMS group (p = 0.04; r = 0.36). Conclusion Our results suggest that IL-10 may contribute to reduce anxiety in the group without PMS. This could be attributed to the fact that no IL-10 variation was observed in the group with PMS, which presented higher anxiety symptoms when compared with the group without PMS.

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SEASONAL CHANGES IN HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND PROFILE OF MOOD STATES IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200205001-01118 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. S198

Author(s):

T Amstrup ◽

T Rysgaard ◽

J V. Johansen ◽

J Bangsbo ◽

P K. Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Mood States ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Profile Of Mood States ◽

Professional Soccer

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Mood states of soccer players in the english leagues: reflections of an increasing workload

Biology of Sport ◽

10.5604/20831862.913072 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 83-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

GP Lovell ◽

J Townrow ◽

R Thatcher

Keyword(s):

Mood States ◽

Soccer Players

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Correlation Between Proinflammatory Cytokines And Cortisol In Female Soccer Players Carriers Of Premenstrual Syndrome

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000536636.27692.ba ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (5S) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Mauro W. Vaisberg ◽

Roberta Foster ◽

André L. Bachi ◽

Zsuzsanna I. Di Bella ◽

Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Premenstrual Syndrome ◽

Soccer Players

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Mood State Relationships and Soccer Team Performance

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.9.3.297 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 297-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Peter Hassmén ◽

Eva Blomstrand

Keyword(s):

Team Performance ◽

Mood State ◽

Mood States ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Profile Of Mood States ◽

Team Members ◽

Actual Outcome ◽

Soccer Team ◽

Population Norm

Morgan’s well-known iceberg profile, characterized by Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores above the population norm on vigor and below the norm on tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion, is said to indicate a successful athlete. Preperformance POMS scores of team members might therefore give a prior indication of the actual team performance. Nine female soccer players from the same team participated in the study. The players completed the POMS before, immediately after, and 2 hours after each game during a season. The outcome of the games greatly affected the players’ mood states. Tension, depression, anger, and confusion scores were lower (ps < .01), and vigor was higher (p < .01) when the team won. Prior to the games, only minor differences in POMS scores were detected, regardless of the actual outcome. Taken together, the results do not support the notion that POMS scores could be helpful in predicting team performance.

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