Anti-Arthritic Potential of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Stereospermum colais in Animal Model

BACKGROUND Stereospermum colais also known as yellow snake tree is widely utilised to alleviate rheumatic pain and inflammation in the conventional medicinal system. Lapachol has been reported to be anti-inflammatory by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by means of modulating the metabolism of arachidonic acid, activation of NF-aB, suppression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It has also been analysed for anticancer and antioxidant activity, renal disorders, endometriosis and cardiac dysfunction. The present study investigates the anti– arthritic activity of the ethyl acetate extracts of Stereospermum colais. METHODS The fruit rind of Garcinia indica was used to prepare extract and was quantified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) / MS. Ethyl acetate extract showed increased content of the phytochemical constituent necessary for the treatment of arthritic pain. So, the ethyl acetate extract of bark of S. colais was evaluated for anti-arthritic activity by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Arthritis index, body weight changes, and the biochemical analysis parameters were measured. Histopathological evaluation along with TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 assays were also studied. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract showed significant reduction in arthritis index (P < 0.01), paw swelling (P < 0.01) and arthritic score (P < 0.01), thereby demonstrating antiinflammatory potential. A good improvement in the biochemical parameters in extract treated animals indicates good protection against the inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The results show that Stereospermum colais can be used as a potential anti arthritic drug. KEY WORDS Rheumatoid Arthritis, Complete Freund’s Adjuvant, Stereospermum colais, Ethyl Acetate, Anti-Arthritis, Meloxicam

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Antinociceptive Effect ofTephrosia sinapouExtract in the Acetic Acid, Phenyl-p-benzoquinone, Formalin, and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant Models of Overt Pain-Like Behavior in Mice

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2016/8656397 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renata M. Martinez ◽

Ana C. Zarpelon ◽

Talita P. Domiciano ◽

Sandra R. Georgetti ◽

Marcela M. Baracat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Routes Of Administration ◽

Freund’S Adjuvant ◽

Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽

Freund's Adjuvant

Tephrosia toxicaria, which is currently known asTephrosia sinapou(Buc’hoz) A. Chev. (Fabaceae), is a source of compounds such as flavonoids.T. sinapouhas been used in Amazonian countries traditional medicine to alleviate pain and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects ofT. sinapouethyl acetate extract in overt pain-like behavior models in mice by using writhing response and flinching/licking tests. We demonstrated in this study thatT. sinapouextract inhibited, in a dose (1–100 mg/kg) dependent manner, acetic acid- and phenyl-p-benzoquinone- (PBQ-) induced writhing response. Furthermore, it was active via intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and peroral routes of administration.T. sinapouextract also inhibited formalin- and complete Freund’s adjuvant- (CFA-) induced flinching/licking at 100 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate thatT. sinapouethyl acetate extract reduces inflammatory pain in the acetic acid, PBQ, formalin, and CFA models of overt pain-like behavior. Therefore, the potential of analgesic activity ofT. sinapouindicates that it deserves further investigation.

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Rhamnella gilgitica Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in LPS-Induced Murine Macrophages and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x16500774 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (07) ◽

pp. 1379-1392 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shan Huang ◽

Hai Feng Liu ◽

Xianghua Quan ◽

Yan Jin ◽

Guangshan Xuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽

Proinflammatory Mediators ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Freund’S Adjuvant ◽

Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽

Freund's Adjuvant ◽

Spleen Index

Rhamnella gilgitica Mansf. et Melch, which belongs to the rhamnus family (Rhamnaceae), is traditionally used to treat rheumatism, swelling and pain in China. However, little is known about the pharmacological activities of this plant. The anti-inflammatory activities of the 70% ethanol extract of R. gilgitica (RG) in RAW264.7 macrophages and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritic rats are investigated in this study for the first time. The effects of RG on cell viability were determined by a MTT assay, and the effects of RG on pro-inflammatory mediators were analyzed by ELISA and Western blot. The effects of RG on paw thickness, thymus and spleen index were also examined in CFA-induced arthritic rats. RG suppressed the induction of proinflammatory mediators, including iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), NO (nitric oxide), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and PG (prostaglandin) E2 in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. RG also inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of I[Formula: see text]B-[Formula: see text], as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) p65. In addition, RG treatment significantly reduced the paw thickness in CFA-induced arthritic rats. Oral administration of RG led to a significant decrease of both the thymus and spleen index at a concentration of 100[Formula: see text]mg/mL. Taken together, these findings suggest that RG might be an agent for further development in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases.

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