Hydrophobic amino acid-based vaccine delivery systems to induce cellular and humoral immunity

Introduction. Studies indicate the high pathogenetic significance of the immune component in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of immunological parameters in workers of petrochemical production with varying degrees of imbalance in lipid metabolism and the development of the atherosclerotic process. Materials and methods. Men working at an oil production enterprise in the Perm Region were examined. The observation group consisted of oil production operators with a diagnosis of atherosclerosis, the comparison group - with dyslipidemia syndrome. To determine the parameters of lipid metabolism, the results of a biochemical blood test were used. CD-immunogram parameters were identified by flow cytometry. Specific antibodies to benzene were determined by the allergosorbent method. Results. The results of a comparative study of fat metabolism confirmed violations of the physiological ratio of lipids in the blood of oil production workers, which were expressed in a significant imbalance in the levels of lipidogram. There was an increased level of specific IgG antibodies to benzene in the observation group in relation to the comparison group. An imbalance of cellular immunity was found, which was characterized by signs of indicators activation of cellular differentiation clusters. Conclusions. Studies of immune system compartments demonstrate excessive activation of cellular and humoral immunity in oil production workers under the influence of a combination of harmful production factors. The simultaneously formed imbalance of lipid metabolism is associated with various degrees of clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic disorders, with the influence of harmful production factors, aggressiveness of cellular and humoral immunity, and smoking.

Download Full-text

Pulmonary Vaccine Delivery Systems: A Novel Approach for Immunization

Current Drug Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574885509666141202233159 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 166-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Syed Imam ◽

Mohammed Aqil ◽

Himanshu Gupta

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Delivery ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Novel Approach

Download Full-text

Mitigating the Adverse Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Derivatives on Estrogenic Activity via Molecular Modification Techniques

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4999

Author(s):

Wei He ◽

Wenhui Zhang ◽

Zhenhua Chu ◽

Yu Li

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Binding Site ◽

Hydrophobic Interaction ◽

Oestrogen Receptor ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Hydrophobic Interactions ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Average Distance ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Hydrophobic Amino Acid

The aim of this paper is to explore the mechanism of the change in oestrogenic activity of PCBs molecules before and after modification by designing new PCBs derivatives in combination with molecular docking techniques through the constructed model of oestrogenic activity of PCBs molecules. We found that the weakened hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic amino acid residues and hydrophobic substituents at the binding site of PCB derivatives and human oestrogen receptor alpha (hERα) was the main reason for the weakened binding force and reduced anti-oestrogenic activity. It was consistent with the information that the hydrophobic field displayed by the 3D contour maps in the constructed oestrogen activity CoMSIA model was one of the main influencing force fields. The hydrophobic interaction between PCB derivatives and oestrogen-active receptors was negatively correlated with the average distance between hydrophobic substituents and hydrophobic amino acid residues at the hERα-binding site, and positively correlated with the number of hydrophobic amino acid residues. In other words, the smaller the average distance between the hydrophobic amino acid residues at the binding sites between the two and the more the number of them, and the stronger the oestrogen activity expression degree of PCBS derivative molecules. Therefore, hydrophobic interactions between PCB derivatives and the oestrogen receptor can be reduced by altering the microenvironmental conditions in humans. This reduces the ability of PCB derivatives to bind to the oestrogen receptor and can effectively modulate the risk of residual PCB derivatives to produce oestrogenic activity in humans.

Download Full-text

Previous Humoral Immunity to the Endemic Seasonal Alphacoronaviruses NL63 and 229E Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 and Suggests Original Antigenic Sin

Life ◽

10.3390/life11040298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Daniele Focosi ◽

Angelo Genoni ◽

Ersilia Lucenteforte ◽

Silvia Tillati ◽

Antonio Tamborini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Humoral Immunity ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

World Health ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽

Rate Ratios ◽

Original Antigenic Sin

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection has been hypothesized. However, to date, there has been no in vitro or in vivo evidence supporting this. Cross-reactivity exists between SARS CoV-2 and other Coronaviridae for both cellular and humoral immunity. We show here that IgG against nucleocapsid protein of alphacoronavirus NL63 and 229E correlate with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) clinical severity score ≥ 5 (incidence rate ratios was 1.87 and 1.80, respectively, and 1.94 for the combination). These laboratory findings suggest possible ADE of SARS CoV-2 infection by previous alphacoronavirus immunity.

Download Full-text

The HSP70-fused foot-and-mouth disease epitope elicits cellular and humoral immunity and drives broad-spectrum protective efficacy

npj Vaccines ◽

10.1038/s41541-021-00304-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyundong Jo ◽

Bong Yoon Kim ◽

So Hui Park ◽

Hyun Mi Kim ◽

Sung Ho Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Humoral Immunity ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Host Defenses ◽

Vaccination Site ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Cellular And Humoral Immunity

AbstractCurrent foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have significant limitations, including side effects due to oil emulsions at the vaccination site, a narrow spectrum of protective efficacy, and incomplete host defenses mediated by humoral immunity alone. To overcome these limitations, new FMD vaccines must ensure improved safety with non-oil-based adjuvants, a broad spectrum of host defenses within/between serotypes, and the simultaneous induction of cellular and humoral immunity. We designed a novel, immune-potent, recombinant protein rpHSP70-AD that induces robust cellular immunity and elicits a broad spectrum of host defenses against FMD virus (FMDV) infections. We demonstrated that an oil emulsion-free vaccine containing rpHSP70-AD mediates early, mid-term, and long-term immunity and drives potent host protection against FMDV type O and A, suggesting its potential as an FMD vaccine adjuvant in mice and pigs. These results suggest a key strategy for establishing next-generation FMD vaccines, including novel adjuvants.

Download Full-text