scholarly journals HIV Status in Sero-Discordant Couples: Prevalence and Pattern among Pregnant Women in Plateau State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Magaji FA ◽  
Ocheke AN ◽  
Ocheke AN ◽  
Pam VC ◽  
Pam VC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Discordant Couples ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Made In

Nigeria is one of the high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa for HIV/AIDS and contributes to reproductive health morbidities and mortalities. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of HIV-discordant rate among pregnant women in Plateau state Nigeria. The study sought to determine the prevalence and trend of HIV sero-discordance among pregnant women in Plateau state, Nigeria. The study was a 5-year descriptive analysis of HIV sero-discordance among pregnant women accessing prenatal care and their partners in Plateau state, Nigeria based on data generated between January 2012 and December 2016. The data was disaggregated by year, HIV concordant negative, HIV concordant positive, and HIV sero-discordant prevalence in the software and analysis were done using excel to obtained the proportions and trend of HIV sero-discordant prevalence among the antenatal population. Out of a total of 7,851 partners of pregnant women studied, 969 (16.3%) were HIV sero-discordant, 5,795 (73.8%) were HIV concordant negative, and 773 (9.9%) were HIV concordant positive. HIV sero-discordant positive males accounted for 12.3% while females were 4.0%. The prevalence of HIV sero-discordance was low with a high proportion of HIV positive male partners in Plateau state with grave public health implications for new HIV infections among partners and eroding the gains made in the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

scholarly journals Role of Mothers’ Awareness of HIV Status in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Jiman He
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child

Current guidelines on HIV prevention conflict over whether oral exposure to HIV positive blood is a risk for transmission. This issue is especially important for young children, because, 30–80% of people infected with HIV have at least one oral manifestation, with the most frequently occurring ones often bleeding, and children born to HIV infected mothers are often exposed to the blood through multiple ways (e.g. kissing and sharing spoon, cups, or food, etc.). For the present paper, I examined data collected in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2020 which showed that, the decline in annual new HIV infections in young children was closely correlated with an increase in the proportion of women aware of their HIV status. This finding suggests that, mothers’ behavioral change (e.g. avoiding kissing and sharing spoon, cups, or food, etc.) due to awareness of their HIV status played an important role in prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and testing for HIV should be pursued for all pregnant women in high prevalence areas.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Preferences among Men and Women for Male Involvement in Antenatal Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nompumelelo Yende ◽  
Annelies Van Rie ◽  
Nora S. West ◽  
Jean Bassett ◽  
Sheree R. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
High Willingness

Introduction. Male involvement in antenatal care (ANC) has been associated with improved prevention of mother-to-child transmission outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa; yet it remains uncommon. We assess acceptability of male involvement from the male and female perspectives and potential incentives for men to attend ANC. Methods. Adult pregnant women and men attending primary healthcare at Witkoppen Health and Welfare Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa, from October 2013 to January 2014, were recruited using stratified random sampling to ensure equal representation across gender and HIV status. Results. 300/332 individuals (93.8%) offered participation consented. Among the 150 women, 97% had a partner; the majority (92%) preferred partner attendance at ANC, and 14% reported partner attendance during this pregnancy. The 150 men had low knowledge of services rendered at ANC outside of pregnancy monitoring, and few (19%) had previously attended ANC. Blood pressure screening, fatherhood information, and HIV testing were identified by men as incentives for attendance. Women and men expressed high willingness to, respectively, deliver (95%) and respond (97%) to ANC letter invitations. Conclusion. Invitation letters to promote male involvement in ANC are highly acceptable to pregnant women and men. Focusing invitation messages on fatherhood and primary healthcare rather than HIV testing may provide greater motivation for male involvement.

HIV-1 discordant couples in Karnataka, South India: is the sex ratio of index cases changing?

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 502-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shastri ◽  
A Shet ◽  
B Rewari ◽  
A De Costa
Keyword(s):  
Index Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected Partner ◽  
Discordant Couples ◽  
Sub Saharan

India has an estimated 2.5 million HIV infections, most of which are heterosexually transmitted. Women comprise 40% of infected adults. In India, 90% of women between the ages of 15 and 45 years are married. Previous literature has suggested that sexual intercourse with an HIV-infected husband represents a married woman's greatest risk for being infected. However, a recent meta-analysis of discordant couples from sub-Saharan Africa reported that women were the index case in half of all couples. Similar data are not available from India. This cross-sectional study describes the epidemiology of 925 discordant couples from five districts in Karnataka province, one of the high HIV prevalence provinces in India. Men were the index case in 74% of couples. However, in young couples (where the index case was aged <30 years), women were more likely to be the infected partner (64% of couples). Condom use was reported by 46% of these discordant couples. These results suggest an emerging predominance of female index case infections among younger discordant couples in India, and point to the need for focusing HIV preventive messages on youth and couples before marriage.

HIV status in discordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 770-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oghenowede Eyawo ◽  
Damien de Walque ◽  
Nathan Ford ◽  
Gloria Gakii ◽  
Richard T Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Discordant Couples ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Maternal health service disparities across incomes and implications on prevention of mother-to-child transmission service coverage: current context in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nibretie Gobezie Workneh ◽  
Sebastian Kevany
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maternal Health Service ◽  
Pmtct Service ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child

About 69% of people living with HIV globally and over 90% of the children who acquired HIV infection are in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this, promising results have been observed, especially over the last decade – for example, a 25% decline in new HIV infections as compared to 2001 and a 38% decline in the number of children newly infected by HIV in 2012 as compared to 2009. However, the Global Plan and the Global Fast-Track Commitments of eliminating new HIV infections among children require addressing impediments to service expansion. In this regard, this paper attempts to draw attention to the extent to which disparities across income in using antenatal care (ANC) services may constrain the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis is based on ANC service coverage data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2008 and 2015 in 31 Sub-Saharan African countries; and PMTCT coverage data from UNAIDS datasets released in 2016. Our analysis found that women in the highest wealth quintile are about three times more likely to frequently use ANC services (at least four visits) as compared to those in the lowest wealth quintile (95%CI: 1.7-5.7, P&lt;0.0001). A regression analysis shows that one-quarter of the PMTCT service coverage can be explained by the disparity in ANC use associated with income; and the higher the disparity in ANC use, the lower the PMTCT service (P&lt;0.05). The findings suggest that achieving the ambitious plan of zero new HIV infections among children while keeping their mothers alive will require on-going PMTCT/ANC service integration and ensuring that programs reach women who are most in need; specifically those in the poorest income categories.

scholarly journals Alcohol use during pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256434
Author(s):  
Adriane Wynn ◽  
Dorean Nabukalu ◽  
Tom Lutalo ◽  
Maria Wawer ◽  
Larry W. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction Antenatal alcohol use is linked to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Uganda has one of the highest rates of alcohol use in sub-Saharan Africa, but the prevalence of antenatal alcohol use has not been reported in the Rakai region. Methods We used cross-sectional data from pregnant women in the Rakai Community Cohort Study between March 2017 and September 2018. Using bivariate and multivariable analyses, we assessed associations between self-reported antenatal alcohol use and sociodemographic characteristics, intimate partner violence (IPV), and HIV status. Results Among 960 pregnant women, the median age was 26 years, 35% experienced IPV in the past 12 months, 13% were living with HIV, and 33% reported alcohol use during their current pregnancy. After adjusting for marital status, education, smoking, and HIV status; Catholic religion (AOR: 3.54; 95% CI: 1.89–6.64; compared to other), bar/restaurant work (AOR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.17–4.92; compared to agriculture), >one sex partner in past year (AOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.17–3.16), a partner that drank before sex in past year (AOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.48–2.74), and past year IPV (AOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.14–2.11) were associated with antenatal alcohol use. Conclusion We found that alcohol use during pregnancy was common and associated with religion, occupation, higher numbers of past year sex partners, having a partner who drank before sex in the past 12 months, and IPV experience. More research is needed to understand the quantity, frequency, and timing of antenatal alcohol use; and potential impacts on neonates; and to identify services that are acceptable and effective among pregnant women.

An increase in overseas acquired HIV infections among heterosexual people in Western Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry C. Combs ◽  
Carolien M. Giele
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Safe Sex ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Recent Increase ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

Background: There has been a recent increase in the number of heterosexually acquired HIV infections among non-Aboriginal people in Western Australia (WA), which has not been reported in other Australian jurisdictions. This report describes the epidemiological features of this increase. Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted of newly diagnosed HIV infections among non-Aboriginal WA residents notified to the Department of Health from 2002 to 2006. Analysis outcomes included demographics, exposure categories, and place of HIV acquisition. Results: From 2002 to 2006, 258 new HIV diagnoses were notified among non-Aboriginal WA residents. Over this period, the number of notifications increased from 41 cases in 2002 (2.2 cases/100 000 population) to 66 cases in 2006 (3.4 cases/100 000 population). Overall, 107 (42%) of the cases were heterosexually acquired, and the annual number increased threefold from 2002 to 2006 (12 to 36 cases, respectively). Of these cases, 64 (60%) were male and 43 (40%) were female. The majority (89%) of male cases acquired HIV overseas, mostly in countries other than their region of birth; South-east Asia was the most common place of acquisition reported. Over half (56%) of the female cases acquired HIV overseas, mainly in their region of birth (83%), and sub-Saharan Africa was the most common place of acquisition. Conclusion: There has been a recent increase in heterosexually acquired HIV infections among male and female WA residents, many of whom reported acquiring HIV overseas. Safe sex campaigns in WA should continue to reinforce safe sex messages among people travelling overseas.

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV – an Update from Rural Africa

Praxis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (15) ◽  
pp. 977-981
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Luoga ◽  
Anna Gamell
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract. Sub-Saharan Africa is home of 85 % of pregnant women living with HIV and 90 % of HIV-infected children. WHO issued the first prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) recommendations in 2000. These guidelines have been revised to incorporate new evidence and align with the goal of universal treatment access and zero infections among children. Currently, 82 % of HIV-infected pregnant women receive antiretroviral treatment, and infections among children have halved since 2010. However, in 2018, 160,000 children became infected. Reasons hindering the success of PMTCT are: a) non-universal HIV testing during pregnancy; b) low retention through the PMTCT cascade; and c) missed opportunities to diagnose women who acquire HIV while pregnant or breastfeeding. To address these gaps innovative strategies are needed.

Antenatal HIV Testing in Sub-Saharan Africa During the Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals: A Systematic Review Using the PEN-3 Cultural Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Blackstone ◽  
Ucheoma Nwaozuru ◽  
Juliet Iwelunmor
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan

This study systematically explored the barriers and facilitators to routine antenatal HIV testing from the perspective of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa during the implementation period of the Millennium Development Goals. Articles published between 2000 and 2015 were selected after reviewing the title, abstract, and references. Twenty-seven studies published in 11 African countries were eligible for the current study and reviewed. The most common barriers identified include communication with male partners, patient convenience and accessibility, health system and health-care provider issues, fear of disclosure, HIV-related stigma, the burden of other responsibilities at home, and the perception of antenatal care as a “woman's job.” Routine testing among pregnant women is crucial for the eradication of infant and child HIV infections. Further understanding the interplay of social and cultural factors, particularly the role of women in intimate relationships and the influence of men on antenatal care seeking behaviors, is necessary to continue the work of the Millennium Development Goals.

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