scholarly journals Role of Mothers’ Awareness of HIV Status in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Jiman He
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Oral Manifestation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child

Current guidelines on HIV prevention conflict over whether oral exposure to HIV positive blood is a risk for transmission. This issue is especially important for young children, because, 30–80% of people infected with HIV have at least one oral manifestation, with the most frequently occurring ones often bleeding, and children born to HIV infected mothers are often exposed to the blood through multiple ways (e.g. kissing and sharing spoon, cups, or food, etc.). For the present paper, I examined data collected in sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2020 which showed that, the decline in annual new HIV infections in young children was closely correlated with an increase in the proportion of women aware of their HIV status. This finding suggests that, mothers’ behavioral change (e.g. avoiding kissing and sharing spoon, cups, or food, etc.) due to awareness of their HIV status played an important role in prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and testing for HIV should be pursued for all pregnant women in high prevalence areas.

scholarly journals Maternal health service disparities across incomes and implications on prevention of mother-to-child transmission service coverage: current context in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nibretie Gobezie Workneh ◽  
Sebastian Kevany
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maternal Health Service ◽  
Pmtct Service ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child

About 69% of people living with HIV globally and over 90% of the children who acquired HIV infection are in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite this, promising results have been observed, especially over the last decade – for example, a 25% decline in new HIV infections as compared to 2001 and a 38% decline in the number of children newly infected by HIV in 2012 as compared to 2009. However, the Global Plan and the Global Fast-Track Commitments of eliminating new HIV infections among children require addressing impediments to service expansion. In this regard, this paper attempts to draw attention to the extent to which disparities across income in using antenatal care (ANC) services may constrain the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis is based on ANC service coverage data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2008 and 2015 in 31 Sub-Saharan African countries; and PMTCT coverage data from UNAIDS datasets released in 2016. Our analysis found that women in the highest wealth quintile are about three times more likely to frequently use ANC services (at least four visits) as compared to those in the lowest wealth quintile (95%CI: 1.7-5.7, P<0.0001). A regression analysis shows that one-quarter of the PMTCT service coverage can be explained by the disparity in ANC use associated with income; and the higher the disparity in ANC use, the lower the PMTCT service (P<0.05). The findings suggest that achieving the ambitious plan of zero new HIV infections among children while keeping their mothers alive will require on-going PMTCT/ANC service integration and ensuring that programs reach women who are most in need; specifically those in the poorest income categories.

scholarly journals HIV Status in Sero-Discordant Couples: Prevalence and Pattern among Pregnant Women in Plateau State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Magaji FA ◽  
Ocheke AN ◽  
Ocheke AN ◽  
Pam VC ◽  
Pam VC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Discordant Couples ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Made In

Nigeria is one of the high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa for HIV/AIDS and contributes to reproductive health morbidities and mortalities. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of HIV-discordant rate among pregnant women in Plateau state Nigeria. The study sought to determine the prevalence and trend of HIV sero-discordance among pregnant women in Plateau state, Nigeria. The study was a 5-year descriptive analysis of HIV sero-discordance among pregnant women accessing prenatal care and their partners in Plateau state, Nigeria based on data generated between January 2012 and December 2016. The data was disaggregated by year, HIV concordant negative, HIV concordant positive, and HIV sero-discordant prevalence in the software and analysis were done using excel to obtained the proportions and trend of HIV sero-discordant prevalence among the antenatal population. Out of a total of 7,851 partners of pregnant women studied, 969 (16.3%) were HIV sero-discordant, 5,795 (73.8%) were HIV concordant negative, and 773 (9.9%) were HIV concordant positive. HIV sero-discordant positive males accounted for 12.3% while females were 4.0%. The prevalence of HIV sero-discordance was low with a high proportion of HIV positive male partners in Plateau state with grave public health implications for new HIV infections among partners and eroding the gains made in the Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

scholarly journals Screening strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Shimakawa ◽  
Abdoulaye Seck ◽  
Shevanthi Nayagam ◽  
Coumba Toure-Kane ◽  
Maud Lemoine
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Mother To Child
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