MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU AGAMA KATOLIK TK. SMA MENYUSUN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN BERBASIS HOTS MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN PENGAWAS DI MGMP KOTA MEDAN

This study aims to improve the ability of teachers to develop HOTS-based assessment instruments through the assistance of supervisors at the Medan Catholic High School MGMP. T.P 2020/2021. This study uses the PTS method (school action research) with two cycles. The data collection tools were questionnaires and checklists with five alternative answers according to the Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed descriptively by percentage. The results of data analysis showed that the teacher's ability to develop HOTS-based assessment instruments before the action got an average score of 75 in the sufficient category, after action I increased to an average value of 87 in the good category, and after action II increased again with an average value of 92 in the very good category. . The implementation of research assistance as a Catholic religious teacher has increased, in the first cycle the average score was 73 in the sufficient category, and after the action in the second cycle, the average value was 87 in the good category. So, it can be concluded that Catholic religion teachers at the high school level in the city of Medan have the ability to develop HOTS-based assessment instruments very well. Through the assistance of researchers as supervisors of Catholic religious teachers in the city of Medan. Keywords: HOTS-based instrument, PTS

Component 2 (Meso): Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)

This chapter contains the meso component (Qualitative Comparative Analysis, QCA). It discusses the QCA research model, the QCA methodology, and the analysis of the QCA results.QCA is used to analyse both quantitative and qualitative data, thus enabling causal inferences. However, QCA is not a statistical technique that focuses on the likelihood of the relations among variables. Instead, it is a method based on Boolean logic, rooted in set theory, and founded on the notions of sufficiency, the necessity of conditions, and conjunctural causation.QCA results indicate, among others, that for high competitiveness, high EPI suffices if Concordats with the Vatican are low and if the Roman Catholic and Orthodox population is low. No State Religion positively affects competitiveness. Having Concordats with the Vatican negatively influences competitiveness. Additionally, factors like German, English, and Scandinavian legal origin help to increase competitiveness.Oppositely, QCA results for high corruption indicate that Concordats in combination with Roman Catholic religion adherence increase corruption. Orthodox religion has a similar negative effect. Most countries with high corruption are of French legal origin and have high Concordats. This trend is robust.Colombia and Switzerland (the two extreme cases) exhibited several consistent QCA results. The other two cases (Cuba and Uruguay) only revealed one or two consistent outcomes.

Agnieszka Łoza, Paweł Beyga, Zaraza w Kościele, wyd. Leksem Studio, Żmigród 2021, ss. 169

In the opinion of Bogdan Ferdek, the new book of Agnieszka Łoza and Paweł Beyga is a special theological report on the state of the Church in Poland. During the pandemic time since 2021 the Catholic Church has had to search for solving problems in the Christian community. According to the authors of this new book, in the Polish Catholic Church two kinds of problems can be discovered. Firstly, there is a problem with morality among the clergy, the problems of sexual abuse and teaching the Catholic religion in Polish schools. Conversely, there is a problem related to the secularization of Polish people. Bogdan Ferdek in his review showed that the new book of two young Polish theologians is an answer to very important questions in the Polish Christendom in the time of the pandemic.

Determinants of desire for more children among women in Ethiopia

Background Desire for more children has an impact on couple’s fertility behaviors. It can be a precursor of actual fertility performance. However, the desire for more children is declining over time in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identifying the determinants of the desire for more children among women in Ethiopia. Methods The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data were used for the analysis. The sample consisted of 15,683 women. The binary logistic regression model was used to assess the determinants of desire for more children among women in Ethiopia. The results are presented as crude odds ratios (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results No education (having no formal education) (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.61–2.13), attained primary education (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.43–1.83), age at first marriage 10–19 years (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.27–2.54), Orthodox religion (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.19), Catholic religion (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.17–3.97), Muslim religion (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.15–2.50), living in Amhara (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78), Oromia (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.73–2.54), Benishangul (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.45), SNNPR (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.05–1.60), Gambela (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02–1.57), Harari (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.82–2.76), ideal number of children four or fewer (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.42–0.53), number of living children four or fewer (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.90–2.37), and not use of contraceptives (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.35–1.68) were associated with a higher desire for more children. Conclusion This finding showed that the age of women, educational level, age at first marriage, religion, region, occupation, ideal number of children, number of living children, and use of contraceptives were significant determinants of desire for more children. Therefore, it is important to adopt programs to encourage the desire for more children, implement policies in an attempt to increase the total fertility rate in Ethiopia ought to critically consider these factors. Moreover, continuous education and knowledge on reproductive health will help for better fertility behaviour for the women.

Same-Sex Marriage and the Catholic Church in Europe. Any Chance for Understanding?

There is room for everyone in the Catholic Church, but there is no consent for same-sex marriage in that Church as marriage only between a baptized man and a woman is a sacrament. Same-sex marriage is inconsistent with the Holy Scripture where marriage is based on God’s natural law. This official Scripture’s interpretation results in lack of possibility to reconciliate the official teaching of the Church with the recognition of same-sex marriage. The world is moving forward and so are the opinions of Christians and their growing support for same-sex marriage. Such marriage is recognized in thirty states worldwide, including states with dominant Catholic religion. Regardless the official teaching, the Catholic Church’s position is not uniform. The paper discusses the official interpretation of the Scripture concerning homosexuals, analyses the position of the Catholic Church toward same-sex marriage and indicates differences in Christians’ attitudes with respect to same-sex couples in Western and Eastern Europe.

The Role of Religion in Creating and Maintaining Ethnic Identity—The Example of the Kashubs in Poland

After 1945, the Republic of Poland appeared to be an ethnic monolith. However, this was (is) not the case for the Kashubians, who now live in northern Poland on the Baltic Sea. Presently, Kashubians do not have official status; they are not considered an ethnic or national minority. They create their own identity around language, origin, inhabited territory, and religion. The latter serves to maintain a sense of community—to legitimise the Kashubian language, the axial value of Kashubian ethnic identity. Kashubian religiosity is frequently emphasized in the public space. The objective of this article is to analyse the role of the Catholic religion in building the ethnic identity of Kashubians and legitimizing constructed traditions by the Kashubian-Pomeranian Association. The main purpose of the article is to show the process of ethnicisation of religions. This ethnic non-governmental organisation is aspiring to represent the Kashubian community in the public space in Poland. The results from studies conducted among members of this organization, which concern their views on the link between religious and secular events organised by the Association, will also be presented.

IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI KAHOOT SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS GAME DALAM PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KATOLIK

In the world of education, learning media has a very important role. The position of learning media as a tool or means of conveying messages from teachers to students. In learning activities, the media has the function of attention, cognitive function, afective function and compensatory function. One of the media learning that can be used is the Kahoot application. Media learning in the form of visuals has the benefit of being able to attract students' attention and motivate students to learn. Kahoot is a game-based visual media that is easily accessed and used by teachers and students. Game-based learning media is favored by the digital generation. Kahoot can be used as a teaching medium for Catholic religion education. In its utilization, it can be used for brainstorming, pretest-posttest, to find out understanding regarding the presented subject matter.

Revivals

This chapter explores the revival in 1859 of religious enthusiasm in the north-east counties of Ireland. The effect of the 1859 revival was that the communities of Irish protestants became both more denominationally diverse and more politically united. Protestants who have not been brought together by the economic compulsion of the penal laws were instead combined by the powerful effects of evangelical faith and by fears about the possibility of home rule. In the same period, Catholic religion was similarly transformed. While never promoting the emotionalism that characterized the revivalist piety of the evangelicals, the Catholic ‘devotional revolution’ drew upon several generations of changes in popular belief and behaviour to promote, in the aftermath of the potato famine, catechism, regular confession, and weekly mass attendance. The power of these religious communities became increasingly important at home. In the early nineteenth century, the complexities of the ancien régime were radically simplified, as the multiple identities of the eighteenth century gave way to the differentiation of Catholics and nationalists versus Protestants and unionists.