scholarly journals Long-term β-cells autoimmune destruction markers persistence and residual C-peptide secretion in type 1 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
M. R. Ragimov ◽  
O. S. Derevyanko ◽  
N. M. Malysheva ◽  
Z. T. Zuraeva ◽  
L. V. Nikankina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Group A ◽  
Peptide Secretion

Backgraund: It believed that autoimmune process maintained only during the first 5 years of diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D). Recently scientists discovered the high levels of islet autoantibodies (Ab) in long-standing T1D and some of these patients had residual insulin secretion, determined by the level of C-peptide. According to various sources, the prevalence of such observations ranges from 12 to 48%.Aims: The aim of our study was to assess the duration of autoimmune β-cells destruction markers persistence and residual fasting C-peptide secretion in the long-standing T1D, as well as to determine the possible causes and patterns of these processes.Materials and methods: In the study included 237 patients (91 men, 146 women) with T1D. Patients divided in 4 groups, according to disease duration: а — up to 1 year, n=69 (29%); b — 1–5 years, 52 (22%); c — 5–10 years, 57 (24%); d — more than 10 years, 59 (25%). Ab to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 (IA2) and zinc T8 (ZnT8A) were detected by Enzyme Immunoassay. Also detected C-peptide levels and retrospectively HbA1с.Results: Antibodies to antigens of β-cell components were detected in 26 (37%) patients in group A, in 17 patients (33%) in group B, in 15 (29%) in group C and in 14 (23%) — G.In the control group (n = 19), an increased level of antibodies was not revealed. Fasting C-peptide levels were as follows: in group «A» — 0.86 ng / ml [0.53; 1.4], «B» — 0.65 ng / ml [0.27; 0.98], « B «- 0.19 ng / ml [0.17; 0.33],» D «- 0.01 ng / ml [0.01; 0.01]. However, in 13 (22%) patients in group D, fasting C-peptide levels were more than 0.09 ng / ml.Conclusion: The data obtained indicate a long-term persistence of markers of the autoimmune process in patients with T1DM. In groups with a long (more than 5 years) course of T1DM, levels of fasting C-peptide more than 30 pmol/L (0.09 ng / ml or 0.03 nmol / L) were noted in 39 (33.6%) cases.

Autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with anti-GAD positive type 1 diabetes mellitus

Open Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Kamile Gul ◽  
Ihsan Ustun ◽  
Yusuf Aydin ◽  
Dilek Berker ◽  
Halil Erol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Type 1 Dm

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the frequency and titers of anti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-TG), and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (Anti-GAD) antibodies in Turkish patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), and to compare the frequency of anti-TPO and anti-TG titers in the presence or absence of anti-GAD. A total of 104 patients including 56 males and 48 females with type 1 DM and their age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched control group, including 31 males and 27 females, 58 cases in total with an age range of 15-50 years, were recruited into this study. In patients with type 1 DM, positive anti-GAD was detected in 30.8% (n=32). In patients with positive anti-GAD, rate of positive anti-TPO was 37.5%; however, in patients with negative anti-GAD, the rate of positive anti-TPO was 9.7% and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). In patients with positive anti-GAD, the rate of positive anti-TG was 18.8%. In patients with negative anti-GAD, the rate of positive anti-TG was 2.8%, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p=0.005). In patients with positive and negative anti-GAD, rates of both positive anti-TPO and anti-TG were 15.6% and 1.4%, respectively, with the difference showing statistical significance (p=0.004). Thyroid autoimmunity in type 1 DM patients with positive anti-GAD was apparently higher; therefore, these patients should be followed more frequently and carefully.

scholarly journals Comparison of proinsulin and C-peptide secretion in healthy versus long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus cohorts: A pilot study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0207065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Sullivan ◽  
Jose M. Cacicedo ◽  
Iniya Rajendran ◽  
Devin W. Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion

scholarly journals The structural and functional features of the microcirculatory bed in patients with arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lohankova ◽  
Yu. V. Kotovskaya ◽  
A. S. Milto ◽  
Zh. D. Kobalava
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microcirculatory Bed ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Group A ◽  
Functional Features

The structural and functional features of the microcirculatory heel (MCB) were studied in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in relation to the presence or absence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Two hundred and twelve patients were examined. These included 110 patients with grades 1 and 2 arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 DM, 82 patients with AH without type 2 DM, and 20 apparently healthy individuals. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to estimate basal blood flow, the loading test parameters characterizing the structural and functional status of MCB, and the incidence of hemodynamic types of microcirculation. Patients with AH concurrent with type 1 DM were found to have the following microcirculatory features: an increase in perfusion blood flow (microcirculation index, 8,8±1,8 perf. units versus 4,9±0,8 perf, units in patients with AH without DM and 6,7±0,9 perf. units in the control group), a drastic reduction in myogenic activity to 13,2±5,7 % versus 16,7±6,8 and 25,2±6,4 %, respectively, a decrease in vascular resistance, impairment of autoregulation, and low reserve capacities (reserve capillary blood flow was 197,8±31,6 % versus 429,9±82,01 % in the group of AH without DM and 302,8±50,1 % in the control group), a predominance of the hyperemic hemodynamic type (58,8 % in patients with AH and DM, 20,9 % in those with AH without DM, and 20,0 % in the controls). The specific features of the altered microcirculatory bed in patients with AH concurrent with type 2 DM were ascertained. These included the predominance of hyperemic microcirculation, impaired autoregulation. diminished microvascular resistance, and the low reserve capacities of the microcirculatory bed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Correlations Between Neonatal Jaundice and Phototherapy With Childhood Diabetes Type 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Ayati ◽  
Amir Hossein Movahedian ◽  
Ziba Mosayebi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Childhood Type

Previous investigations have indicated an association between modulation of developing the immune system with increased risk of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate correlations between the positive history of blood group incompatibility, neonatal jaundice, and phototherapy with childhood type 1 DM. A case-control retrospective study was carried out in an Iranian Hospital in 2015. One-hundred subjects aged 1-15 years with T1DM were included as the case group. One-hundred healthy children were also considered as the control group. A questionnaire composed of demographic-clinical data was completed for each subject. Correlations between childhood type 1diabetes and some clinical risk factors were determined. One hundred cases with type 1 diabetes and 100 healthy control children entered the study. A significant association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and childhood T1DM was observed (P=0.05, OR=3.789). The history of neonatal jaundice in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group (P=0.02, OR=4.667). ABO incompatibilities in the case group were associated with 19 neonates with blood group A and 2 neonates with blood group B (mothers' blood group; O) (P=0.005, OR=7.397). In the case group, 29 of 38 cases with a history of jaundice had received phototherapy while in the control group, 19 participants had undergone phototherapy (P=0.126, OR=1.707). Results have indicated that neonatal Jaundice and ABO incompatibility could increase the risk of childhood T1DM. Moreover, maternal GDM should be considered as an increased subsequent risk of childhood T1D.

scholarly journals Relationship of C-peptide levels to duration of Type 1 diabetes – A study from Sindh, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asher Fawwad ◽  
Nazish Waris ◽  
Saima Askari ◽  
Graham Ogle ◽  
Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: To determine the relationship of C-peptide levels with duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Baqai Medical University (BMU), Karachi-Pakistan from December 2013 to December 2015. A total of 184 subjects were recruited during the study period, 100 in Group-A and 84 in Group-B. Subjects clinically diagnosed with type 1 diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) were categorized into two groups based on duration of diabetes: Group-A (with ≤1-year duration of diabetes) and Group-B (with >1-year duration of diabetes). Ninety-nine of the 100 enrolled subjects in Group-A were diagnosed as having T1DM, with one subject who presented at 11.9 years of age and diagnosed with T2DM excluded from this study. Blood samples were drawn for biochemical parameters. Data for baseline characteristics and clinical parameters (HbA1c and C-peptide) were obtained from hospital management system of BIDE. Results: Fifty-seven (57.6%) subjects in Group-A, and 39 (46.4%) in Group-B were males. Mean±SD duration of diabetes (years) was 0.64±0.6 (range 0-1) in Group-A, and 7.65±5.5 (range 1-23) in Group-B. Family history of T1DM and T2DM was 1(1%) and 27(27.3%) in Group-A, and 8(9.52%) and 21(25%) in Group-B, respectively. Twenty-one (21.2%) subjects presented in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Group-A and 18(21.4%), in Group-B. Mean±SD for HbA1c was non-significantly higher in Group-A 11.12±2.31 compared to Group-B 10.42±1.45. Mean±SD for C-peptide was 1.91±1.53 ng/mL (0.60±0.481 nmol/L) in Group-A, and 1.82±1.01 (0.57±0.32 nmol/L) in Group-B (p=0.984). Conclusion: The study found that subjects with longer duration of T1DM had non-significantly decreased C-peptide levels compared to a group in which C-peptide was measured at or soon after diagnosis. Furthermore, C-peptide levels in many subjects with longer duration were higher than expected in classic T1DM. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1531 How to cite this:Fawwad A, Waris N, Askari S, Ogle G, Ahmedani MY, Basit A. Relationship of C-peptide levels to duration of Type 1 diabetes – A study from Sindh, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1531 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Langerhans Isletsβ-Cells Autoantibodies (Anti-GAD) in Georgian Children and Adolescents with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Balakhadze ◽  
Elene Giorgadze ◽  
Marina Lomidze
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Gad Antibodies ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Aim. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus are organ-specific autoimmune diseases. There is large evidence that autoimmunity against the thyroid gland in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is increased, but little is known about anti-islet cell autoimmune status in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. We evaluated the concentration of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) which are widely used as a diagnostic and predictive tool for type 1 diabetes mellitus, in school-aged Georgian children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.Methods. The frequency of anti-GAD antibodies was measured in Georgian school-aged children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and compared to healthy age and sex matched controls.Results. Of the 41 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis 4 (9.8%) were positive for GAD antibodies. The frequency of GAD positivity in the chronic autoimmune thyroiditis group was significantly higher than in the control subjects (P=0.036).Conclusion. In the study we found that the frequency of GAD antibody positivity in autoimmune thyroiditis patients was significantly higher (9.8%,P=0.036) than in the control group. Our findings support the concept that patients with autoimmune thyroid disease may develop type 1 diabetes mellitus in future life.

scholarly journals Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Autoimmune Diabetes Is Distinct From Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5499-5506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venessa H M Tsang ◽  
Rachel T McGrath ◽  
Roderick J Clifton-Bligh ◽  
Richard A Scolyer ◽  
Valerie Jakrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Risk Haplotype ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
C Peptide

Abstract Context Checkpoint inhibitor–associated autoimmune diabetes mellitus (CIADM) is a rare illness, and little is known about its incidence, clinical features, or pathogenesis. Case Series Description Consecutive patients from a single quaternary melanoma center who developed new-onset insulin-requiring diabetes after commencing anti–programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy were studied to describe CIADM characteristics. Ten (1.9%) of 538 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti–PD-1–based immunotherapy from March 2015 to March 2018 developed CIADM. Nine patients had no history of diabetes, and one had pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Median time from immunotherapy start to CIADM diagnosis was 25 weeks [interquartile range (IQR), 17.5 to 34.5 weeks]. All patients had normal serum C-peptide shortly before CIADM onset and an inappropriately low level when measured soon after. At CIADM diagnosis, median hemoglobin A1c was 7.6% (IQR, 7.15% to 9.75%), median glucose level was 32.5 mmol/L (IQR, 21.6 to 36.7 mmol/L), and median C-peptide concentration was 0.35 nmol/L (IQR, 0.10 to 0.49 mmol/L). Type 1 diabetes (T1D)–associated autoantibodies (DAAs) were present in two patients (both of whom had anti–glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody); all were negative for insulin-associated protein 2, insulin, and ZnT8. Three patients were heterozygous for an HLA class II T1D-risk haplotype; two additional patients also carried protective haplotypes for T1D. All patients continued immunotherapy; eight (80%) had complete or partial oncological response, and all patients required ongoing insulin therapy. Conclusion CIADM is characterized by sudden permanent β-cell failure occurring after immunotherapy. It is distinct from T1D, usually lacks DAA or T1D-associated HLA-risk haplotypes, and is associated with difficult glycemic control from the onset. As such, CIADM represents a new model of auto-inflammatory β-cell failure.

Preservation of C-peptide secretion in subjects at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus - a new surrogate measure of non-progression?

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Schatz ◽  
David Cuthbertson ◽  
Mark Atkinson ◽  
Michael Clare Salzler ◽  
William Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Peptide Secretion
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