Effects of short-term strength training on body composition, muscle strength and functional capacity of elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To examine the effects of short-term strength training (STST) on different manifestations of muscle strength in the lower limbs, functional capacity and body composition of people 65 years old or older. We searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane) to identify all publications using STST (up to 12 weeks) in people aged 65 or older, published in the last five years, prior to May 2018. Results were analyzed as continuous data using random effects to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). 28 studies with 921 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These works were grouped into three categories for analysis: Muscular Strength, Functional Capacity and Body Composition. In Muscular Strength category, the overall pooled effect estimate was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.63; 1.26), with a significant STST effect (Z= 5.93; p<0.001), over the different strength manifestations analyzed. In Functional Capacity category, the STST decreased the Time Up-and-Go test run time (SMD: -1.01; 95%CI: -1.56; -0.47) and increased the repetitions’ number performed in 30-s chair-stand test (SMD: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.34). In Body Composition category, the overall pooled effect estimate was 0.13 (95%CI: -0.16; 0.42), without finding a significant effect of STST (Z= 0.87; p= 0.38). STST has a moderate to large effect in improving the different manifestations of muscle strength and functional capacity. However, this type of intervention has no effect on body composition.

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Short-term strength training improves muscle quality and functional capacity of elderly women

AGE ◽

10.1007/s11357-013-9567-2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 365-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Ronei Silveira Pinto ◽

Cleiton Silva Correa ◽

Regis Radaelli ◽

Eduardo Lusa Cadore ◽

Lee E. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Term Strength ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Strength

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Effects Of Short-term Strength Training With Recumbent-type Cycle Ergometer On Muscular Function Of Lower Limbs

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200505001-01359 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S267

Author(s):

Junichiro Yamauchi ◽

Chizuko Mishima ◽

Satoshi Nakayama ◽

Naokata Ishii

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Term Strength ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Strength ◽

Muscular Function

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Effects Of Short-term Strength Training With Recumbent-type Cycle Ergometer On Muscular Function Of Lower Limbs

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-200505001-01359 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S267

Author(s):

Junichiro Yamauchi ◽

Chizuko Mishima ◽

Satoshi Nakayama ◽

Naokata Ishii

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Term Strength ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Strength ◽

Muscular Function

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Strength exercise reduces hepatic pyruvate carboxylase and gluconeogenesis in DIO mice

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-20-0193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 247 (2) ◽

pp. 127-138

Author(s):

Rodrigo Martins Pereira ◽

Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues ◽

Marcella Ramos Sant’Ana ◽

Guilherme Francisco Peruca ◽

Ana Paula Morelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽

Hepatic Glucose Production ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Strength Exercise ◽

Term Strength ◽

Short Term ◽

Hepatic Glucose ◽

Short Term Strength

Obesity is linked to a reduction in the control of hepatic glucose production, which is the primary mechanism related to fasting hyperglycemia and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main system involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis synthesis is controlled by pyruvate carboxylase (PC), which increases in obesity conditions. Recently, we showed that short-term strength training is an important tool against obesity-induced hyperglycemia. As aerobic exercise can reduce the hepatic PC content of obese animals, we hypothesized that strength exercise can also decrease this gluconeogenic enzyme. Therefore, this study investigated whether the metabolic benefits promoted by short-term strength training are related to changes in hepatic PC content. Swiss mice were divided into three groups: lean control (Ctl), obese sedentary (ObS), and obese short-term strength training (STST). The STST protocol was performed through one session/day for 15 days. The obese exercised animals had reduced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These results were related to better control of hepatic glucose production and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our bioinformatics analysis showed that hepatic PC mRNA levels have positive correlations with glucose levels and adiposity, and negative correlations with locomotor activity and muscle mass. We also found that hepatic mRNA levels are related to lipogenic markers in the liver. Finally, we observed that the obese animals had an increased hepatic PC level; however, STST was efficient in reducing its amount. In conclusion, we provide insights into new biomolecular mechanisms by showing how STST is an efficient tool against obesity-related hyperglycemia and T2DM, even without body weight changes.

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Short-term strength training reduces gluconeogenesis and NAFLD in obese mice

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-18-0567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 241 (1) ◽

pp. 59-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rodrigo Martins Pereira ◽

Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues ◽

Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma ◽

Marcella Ramos Sant’Ana ◽

Thaís Dantis Pereira de Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Strength Training ◽

Term Strength ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Short Term ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Short Term Strength ◽

Hepatic Fat

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a positive correlation with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The aerobic training is an important tool in combating NAFLD. However, no studies have demonstrated the molecular effects of short-term strength training on the accumulation of hepatic fat in obese mice. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term strength training on the mechanisms of oxidation and lipid synthesis in the liver of obese mice. The short duration protocol was used to avoid changing the amount of adipose tissue. Swiss mice were separated into three groups: lean control (CTL), sedentary obese (OB) and strength training obese (STO). The obese groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and the STO group performed the strength training protocol 1 session/day for 15 days. The short-term strength training reduced hepatic fat accumulation, increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity and controlling hepatic glucose production. The obese animals increased the mRNA of lipogenic genes Fasn and Scd1 and reduced the oxidative genes Cpt1a and Ppara. On the other hand, the STO group presented the opposite results. Finally, the obese animals presented higher levels of lipogenic proteins (ACC and FAS) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), but the short-term strength training was efficient in reducing this condition, regardless of body weight loss. In conclusion, there was a reduction of obesity-related hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation after short-term strength training, independent of weight loss, leading to improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity and glycemic homeostasis in obese mice. Key points: (1) Short-term strength training (STST) reduced fat accumulation and inflammation in the liver; (2) Hepatic insulin sensitivity and HPG control were increased with STST; (3) The content and activity of ACC and content of FAS were reduced with STST; (4) STST improved hepatic fat accumulation and glycemic homeostasis; (5) STST effects were observed independently of body weight change.

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