Comparison of Muscle Mass, Total Body Water and Total Body Protein in Type II Diabetics with Healthy Matched Adults by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a new and rapid technique to validate body composition. Several studies have used this technique to evaluate body compositions, such as muscle mass, in diabetic patients, but the results are very different. This may due the differences between diabetic patients and control group. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the muscle mass of diabetic patients with healthy matched adults using the BIA method. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 928 diabetic patients and 928 healthy individuals selected based on gender, age, height, weight, and closeness to demographic conditions. Body composition was measured by the BIA technique. Total body water, muscle mass in the trunk, legs, hands, and total body protein were measured by this method. The data were analyzed using t-test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA methods. Results: Diabetic women aged 50-60 years showed that their body weight, total protein, total muscle, right-hand muscle mass, left-hand muscle mass, right foot muscle mass, left foot muscle mass, and trunk muscle mass were higher than healthy matched women, and the differences were significant. Conclusion: Diabetic women aged 50-60 years showed the most significant difference compared to other age groups. It seems that diabetes along with the changes in humeral status in this age group due to menopause affected their body weight, total muscle mass, hand and leg muscles, and trunk muscles mass, and total body protein compared to healthy matched women. However, diabetic men showed no significant difference in the studied variables compared to healthy male subjects.

Distribution of motor unit properties across human muscles

The purpose of our review was to compare the distribution of motor unit properties across human muscles of different sizes and recruitment ranges. Although motor units can be distinguished based on several different attributes, we focused on four key parameters that have a significant influence on the force produced by muscle during voluntary contractions: the number of motor units, average innervation number, and the distributions of contractile characteristics and discharge rates within motor unit pools. Despite relatively few publications on this topic, current data indicate that the most influential factor in the distribution of these motor unit properties between muscles is innervation number. Nonetheless, despite a five-fold difference in innervation number between a hand muscle (first dorsal interosseus) and a lower leg muscle (tibialis anterior), the general organization of their motor unit pools and the range of discharge rates appears to be relatively similar. These observations provide foundational knowledge for studies on the control of movement and the changes that occur with ageing and neurological disorders.

Pengaruh latihan kekuatan otot tangan, daya tahan otot dan keseimbangan terhadap ketepatan shooting game petanque di UKM Petanque Upgris

This research is motivated by the problem in this study, namely weak hand muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance to shooting games, some UPGRIS students take part in Petanque UKM, some of them are students who have hand muscle strength, muscle endurance in throwing something is lacking and so is the balance of the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hand muscle strength, muscle endurance and balance on the accuracy of shooting games at UKM Petanque UPGRIS and to determine the causes of the lack of accuracy in the shooting game Petanque. The method used is quantitative research methods with the type of research model True-Experimental Design Pre-test Post-test Two Group design. The population and sample in this study were 10 petanque athletes at the PGRI University of Semarang. This sampling technique uses total sampling. The method of data analysis used paired sample test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there was an effect of hand muscle strength training, muscle endurance and balance on the accuracy of shooting game Petanque which was expressed through the results of hypothesis testing with paired sample t-test with count = -7.571 and t-table = 2.777. Then t_count> t-table so that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, while based on the significant value because the value is sig. = 0.002 with a confidence level of 95%, then Sig. > ? (0.05). So that Ho was rejected. This study concludes that there is an effect of hand muscle strength training, muscle endurance and balance on the accuracy of the Petanque shooting game at the UKM Petanque UPGRIS club. Suggestion, hand muscle strength training, muscle endurance and balance are used as training media so that they can help athletes improve shooting accuracy.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STRENGTH OF ARM AND HAND MUSCLES TO PASSING RESULTS FOR AEK MEN'S volley ball NEW NABARA VC YEAR 2020

The research objective in this thesis is to determine how much the relationship between arm muscle strength and hand muscle strength on the passing results of men's volleyball volleyball Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020. The location of this research was conducted at Aek Nabara Barumun VC Volleyball Club. Data collection was started from 18 December - 27 December 2020. The sample of this study was male athletes who had been selected from the population with purposive sampling, totaling 10 people. The method used in this research is descriptive method with tests and measurements. The research instruments used were arm muscle strength using push-ups, hand muscle strength using a hand grip, and passing tests to the wall. The results of the study can be concluded that: (1) There is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and volleyball passing results in male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (tcount> ttable = 5.398> 2.262). (2) there is a significant relationship between hand muscle strength and volleyball passing results in male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (tcount> ttable = 6,782> 2,262). (3) there is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and muscle strength hand on the results of the results of passing over volleyball in the male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (Fcount> Ftable = 32 <4.46).

New Insights into the Diagnosis, Molecular Taxonomy, and Treatment of Bladder Cancer

<p>This review aims to emphasize new insights into the diagnosis, classification, and therapy of bladder cancer (BC). Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous, complex disease on a morphological, molecular, diagnostic, and prognostic level. Cancer stage is still the most important attribute for prognosis and treatment, while early detection with optimal and rapid individual therapeutic and surveillance approach is crucial. The vast majority of patients have a superficial, non-muscle-invasive tumor associated with a good prognosis after resection and adjuvant intravesical maintenance immuno or chemotherapy if needed. On the other hand, muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a highly aggressive disease with high morbidity and mortality. However, it has become a model for oncology success over the last five years with many available targeted therapeutic modalities. Metastatic BC is now amenable to multimodal treatment combining cystectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy and is a target for precision medicine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>. A new molecular taxonomy for bladder cancer has been proposed and provided insight into BC’s carcinogenesis, with some possible effects on therapy decisions. However, this classification is still not applicable in routine clinical practice. It opens new questions regarding the interplay between tumor genetic signature, intratumoral heterogeneity, therapy implications, and tumor progression.</p>