scholarly journals The effects of larval diet on adult life-history traits of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola GOBBI ◽  
Anabel MARTINEZ-SANCHEZ ◽  
Santos ROJO
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens

Impact of age, size, and sex on adult black soldier fly [Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)] thermal preference

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
N.F. Addeo ◽  
C. Li ◽  
T.W. Rusch ◽  
A.J. Dickerson ◽  
A.M. Tarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Population growth and rapid urbanisation have increased the global demand for animal feed and protein sources. Therefore, traditional animal feed production should be increased through the use of alternative nutrient sources. Insects as feed are beginning to fill this need. One such insect is the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). However, to more effectively mass produce the black soldier fly, a better understanding of its thermal biology is needed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of age, size, and sex on adult black soldier fly thermal preference. The thermal preference of adult black soldier flies was determined by exposing flies to a thermal gradient with a range of surface temperatures and monitoring their positions over time. An aluminium plate was used to create a linear thermal gradient where surface temperatures ranged from ~15-60 °C. Flies were distinguished by age (1-d-post-emergence vs 7-d-post-emergence), size (large vs small) and sex (male vs female) to assess whether thermal preference differed by specific life-history traits. Thermal preference for 7-d-post-emergence adults was significantly lower (19.2 °C) than 1-d-post-emergence adults (28.7 °C), respectively. Similarly, small adults selected significantly cooler (21.1 °C) temperatures than large adults (26.9 °C). No significant differences in thermal preferences were found between sex, regardless of age or size. In fact, males and females had similar thermal preference of 23.8 and 24.2 °C, respectively. This study reveals that multiple life-history traits of adult black soldier fly affect their thermal preference, and thus should be taken into consideration by mass rearing facilities to optimize production.

scholarly journals Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20201876
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Angell ◽  
Mathieu J. Oudin ◽  
Nicolas O. Rode ◽  
Brian S. Mautz ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
In The Wild

High-quality developmental environments often improve individual performance into adulthood, but allocating toward early life traits, such as growth, development rate and reproduction, may lead to trade-offs with late-life performance. It is, therefore, uncertain how a rich developmental environment will affect the ageing process (senescence), particularly in wild insects. To investigate the effects of early life environmental quality on insect life-history traits, including senescence, we reared larval antler flies ( Protopiophila litigata ) on four diets of varying nutrient concentration, then recorded survival and mating success of adult males released in the wild. Declining diet quality was associated with slower development, but had no effect on other life-history traits once development time was accounted for. Fast-developing males were larger and lived longer, but experienced more rapid senescence in survival and lower average mating rate compared to slow developers. Ultimately, larval diet, development time and body size did not predict lifetime mating success. Thus, a rich environment led to a mixture of apparent benefits and costs, mediated by development time. Our results indicate that ‘silver spoon' effects can be complex and that development time mediates the response of adult life-history traits to early life environmental quality.

scholarly journals Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Angell ◽  
Mathieu Oudin ◽  
Nicolas O. Rode ◽  
Brian Mautz ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
In The Wild

High-quality developmental environments often improve individual performance into adulthood, but allocating toward early-life traits, such as growth, development rate, and reproduction, may lead to trade-offs with late life performance. It is therefore uncertain how a rich developmental environment will affect the ageing process (senescence), particularly in wild insects. To investigate the effects of early-life environmental quality on insect life-history traits, including senescence, we reared larval antler flies (Protopiophila litigata) on four diets of varying nutrient concentration, then recorded survival and mating success of adult males released in the wild. Declining diet quality was associated with slower development, but had no effect on other life-history traits once development time was accounted for. Fast developing males were larger and lived longer, but experienced more rapid senescence in survival and lower average mating rate compared to slow developers. Ultimately, larval diet, development time, and body size did not predict lifetime mating success. Thus, a rich environment led to a mixture of apparent benefits and costs, mediated by development time. Our results indicate that “silver spoon” effects can be complex and that development time mediates the response of adult life-history traits to early-life environmental quality.

scholarly journals Do females preferentially associate with males given a better start in life?

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Kahn ◽  
Julianne D. Livingston ◽  
Michael D. Jennions
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Adult Body

A poor start in life owing to a restricted diet can have readily detectable detrimental consequences for many adult life-history traits. However, some costs such as smaller adult body size are potentially eliminated when individuals modify their development. For example, male mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki ) that have reduced early food intake undergo compensatory growth and delay maturation so that they eventually mature at the same size as males that develop normally. But do subtle effects of a poor start persist? Specifically, does a male's developmental history affect his subsequent attractiveness to females? Females prefer to associate with larger males but, controlling for body length, we show that females spent less time in association with males that underwent compensatory growth than with males that developed normally.

Are adult life history traits in oriental fruit moth affected by a mild pupal heat stress?

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincheng Zheng ◽  
Xiongbin Cheng ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Chun-Sen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth

scholarly journals Comparing Selected Life-History Traits of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Produced in Industrial and Bench-Top-Sized Containers

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangchun Yang ◽  
Jeffery K Tomberlin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Insect Biomass ◽  
Larval Number

Abstract As global food demand is increasing along with human population growth, there is a greater need for alternative protein sources. Insect protein, especially the larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), has become a key approach for solving this issue in part due to its ability to convert organic waste into insect biomass with minimal resource (e.g., land, water) requirements. However, most information utilized to develop industrial production of this species is reliant on data generated from laboratory-scaled studies. Unfortunately, scaling these data to an industrial level potentially is not linear resulting in over, or under, estimating production. In this study, we compared selected life-history traits of larval black soldier fly produced at benchtop (e.g., 1 liter container with 614 larvae) and industrial scales (e.g., 29.5 liter container inoculated with 10,000 larvae). Larvae were provided a single feeding (2 g/larva) in each treatment. Significant differences in the mean larval weight (24.7%), survivorship (−28.2%), and biomass conversion (−2.7%) were determined between benchtop and industrial treatments. These results indicate larval number and the associated container size are important factors to consider when designing a black soldier fly factory. Furthermore, caution should be taken when applying data from laboratory studies to industrial scale production systems as the values potentially are not linear.

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