scholarly journals Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Angell ◽  
Mathieu Oudin ◽  
Nicolas O. Rode ◽  
Brian Mautz ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
In The Wild

High-quality developmental environments often improve individual performance into adulthood, but allocating toward early-life traits, such as growth, development rate, and reproduction, may lead to trade-offs with late life performance. It is therefore uncertain how a rich developmental environment will affect the ageing process (senescence), particularly in wild insects. To investigate the effects of early-life environmental quality on insect life-history traits, including senescence, we reared larval antler flies (Protopiophila litigata) on four diets of varying nutrient concentration, then recorded survival and mating success of adult males released in the wild. Declining diet quality was associated with slower development, but had no effect on other life-history traits once development time was accounted for. Fast developing males were larger and lived longer, but experienced more rapid senescence in survival and lower average mating rate compared to slow developers. Ultimately, larval diet, development time, and body size did not predict lifetime mating success. Thus, a rich environment led to a mixture of apparent benefits and costs, mediated by development time. Our results indicate that “silver spoon” effects can be complex and that development time mediates the response of adult life-history traits to early-life environmental quality.

scholarly journals Development time mediates the effect of larval diet on ageing and mating success of male antler flies in the wild

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20201876
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Angell ◽  
Mathieu J. Oudin ◽  
Nicolas O. Rode ◽  
Brian S. Mautz ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
In The Wild

High-quality developmental environments often improve individual performance into adulthood, but allocating toward early life traits, such as growth, development rate and reproduction, may lead to trade-offs with late-life performance. It is, therefore, uncertain how a rich developmental environment will affect the ageing process (senescence), particularly in wild insects. To investigate the effects of early life environmental quality on insect life-history traits, including senescence, we reared larval antler flies ( Protopiophila litigata ) on four diets of varying nutrient concentration, then recorded survival and mating success of adult males released in the wild. Declining diet quality was associated with slower development, but had no effect on other life-history traits once development time was accounted for. Fast-developing males were larger and lived longer, but experienced more rapid senescence in survival and lower average mating rate compared to slow developers. Ultimately, larval diet, development time and body size did not predict lifetime mating success. Thus, a rich environment led to a mixture of apparent benefits and costs, mediated by development time. Our results indicate that ‘silver spoon' effects can be complex and that development time mediates the response of adult life-history traits to early life environmental quality.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

Adult lifetime reproductive value in fish depends on size and fecundity type

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsoukali ◽  
Karin H. Olsson ◽  
André W. Visser ◽  
Brian R. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Direct Proportionality ◽  
Proportionality Relationship

In a stable population, the adult lifetime reproductive value must be balanced against early life survival. Although delaying maturity may increase fecundity, it also reduces survival. Larger size at maturity therefore not only allows for higher fecundity, but requires it. Using simple arguments from life history, we derive a direct proportionality relationship between the adult lifetime reproductive value and weight at maturation and find that this relationship is consistent with empirical evidence from 28 stocks and species of bony fish from temperate–boreal environments. However, the expected proportionality falls off if mortality increases to include fishing. Furthermore, we find that the fecundity type (determinate or indeterminate) affects the predicted adult reproductive value, which is significantly (10-fold) higher for an indeterminate spawner than for a determinate spawner of the same weight. These differences may relate to trade-offs in the adult life history traits and (or) to seasonality in the spawning environment, with subsequent consequences for early life stage survivorship.

scholarly journals Effects of larval diets and temperature regimes on life history traits, energy reserves and temperature tolerance of male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): optimizing rearing techniques for the sterile insect programmes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadian Iman Sasmita ◽  
Wu-Chun Tu ◽  
Lee-Jin Bong ◽  
Kok-Boon Neoh
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Immature Development ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Male Mosquitoes

Abstract Background Producing high quality sterile males is vital in Aedes aegypti rear-and-release birth control strategies. Larval diets, rearing temperatures, and their interactions determine the accumulation rates of essential nutrients in larvae, but these factors have been understudied in relation to mass-rearing techniques for producing eminent males. Methods We compared the effects of two larval diets, a cereal-legume-based diet (Khan’s diet) and a standard larval diet developed in the FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IAEA 2 diet). Diets were tested at selected temperatures for both larval and male adult life history traits, adult extreme temperature tolerance, and mating capacity relative to energy reserves of reared male adult Ae. aegypti. Results Khan’s diet resulted in shorter immature development time at each test temperature (except for 25 °C) than an IAEA 2 diet. Larvae reared at 28 °C and 32 °C with Khan’s diet demonstrated low pupation rates (c.80%). We accounted for these phenomena as secondary sex ratio manipulation, because a higher proportion of male adults emerged at 28 °C and 32 °C than that for the IAEA 2 diet. In general, the pupal development time shortened as temperature increased, resulting in higher teneral energy reserves in male mosquitoes. High energy reserves allowed male mosquitoes reared with Khan’s diet to have higher adult longevity (5–6 days longer when sugar-fed and 2–3 days longer when water-fed) and tolerance of heat stress than those fed on the IAEA 2 diet. The IAEA 2 diet produced larger male mosquitoes than Khan’s diet did: mosquitoes fed on Khan’s diet were 1.03–1.05 times smaller than those fed on the IAEA 2 diet at 28 °C and 32 °C. No evidence indicated reduced mating capacity for small mosquitoes fed on Khan’s diet. Conclusions Larvae reared at 28 °C and 32 °C with Khan’s diet were characterized by shorter immature development time compared with those fed on the IAEA 2 diet. Adult mosquitoes produced from that larval rearing condition exhibited a significant male bias, long lifespan, and better endurance against extreme temperatures relative to energy reserves. Thus, the larval diet at rearing temperature of 28 °C and 32 °C optimized rearing techniques for the sterile insect programmes. However, mating competitiveness and flight performance of adult males require further investigation.

scholarly journals Male competition and the evolution of mating and life-history traits in experimental populations of Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1904) ◽  
pp. 20190591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alima Qureshi ◽  
Andrew Aldersley ◽  
Brian Hollis ◽  
Alongkot Ponlawat ◽  
Lauren J. Cator
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Mating Success ◽  
Reproductive Control ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Mating Conditions

Aedes aegypti is an important disease vector and a major target of reproductive control efforts. We manipulated the opportunity for sexual selection in populations of Ae . aegypti by controlling the number of males competing for a single female. Populations exposed to higher levels of male competition rapidly evolved higher male competitive mating success relative to populations evolved in the absence of competition, with an evolutionary response visible after only five generations. We also detected correlated evolution in other important mating and life-history traits, such as acoustic signalling, fecundity and body size. Our results indicate that there is ample segregating variation for determinants of male mating competitiveness in wild populations and that increased male mating success trades-off with other important life-history traits. The mating conditions imposed on laboratory-reared mosquitoes are likely a significant determinant of male mating success in populations destined for release.

Interpretation of otolith microstructure in the early life history stages of two temperate reef wrasses (Labridae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk C. Welsford
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Otolith Microstructure ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Temperate Reef ◽  
In The Wild

Notolabrus fucicola and N. tetricus larvae were reared in the laboratory at a constant temperature of 11°C; both species hatched after 4 days. Mortality was high throughout the post-hatching stage, with no N. tetricus surviving beyond 24 hours post-hatching. Notolabrus fucicola late yolk sac larvae showed no clear incremental structure in their sagittal otoliths up to 9 days post-hatch. The radius of the sagittae of these late yolk sac larvae corresponded with the radius of a non-incremental region around the primordium of sagittae taken from post-settlement juveniles of both species captured in the wild. Therefore, it is likely that the first increment is formed at or near yolk sac absorption in these species. Post-settlement juveniles of both species were exposed to oxytetracycline (OTC) and held in aquaria for up to 33 days. Post-OTC increment counts showed that increments were formed daily in the sagittae of both species.

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