scholarly journals Skew detection based on vertical projection in latin character recognition of text document image

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.44) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Ronny Susanto ◽  
Farica P. Putri ◽  
Y. Widya Wiratama
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Document Image ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Vertical Projection ◽  
Word Error Rate ◽  
Skew Detection ◽  
Text Document

The accuracy of Optical Character Recognition is deeply affected by the skew of the image.  Skew detection & correction is one of the steps in OCR preprocessing to detect and correct the skew of document image. This research measures the effect of Combined Vertical Projection skew detection method to the accuracy of OCR. Accuracy of OCR is measured in Character Error Rate, Word Error Rate, and Word Error Rate (Order Independent). This research also measures the computational time needed in Combined Vertical Projection with different iteration. The experiment of Combined Vertical Projection is conducted by using iteration 0.5, 1, and 2 with rotation angle within -10 until 10 degrees. The experiment results show that the use of Combined Vertical Projection could lower the Character Error Rate, Word Error Rate, and Word Error Rate (Order Independent) up to 35.53, 34.51, and 32.74 percent, respectively. Using higher iteration value could lower the computational time but also decrease the accuracy of OCR.   

scholarly journals A Novel Noise-removal Technique for Document Images

2012 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Samir Malakar ◽  
Dheeraj Mohanta ◽  
Ram Sarkar ◽  
Mita Nasipuri
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Document Image ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Median Filters ◽  
Text Document ◽  
Modal Class ◽  
Filtering Technique ◽  
Removal Technique

For developing a high quality Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system removal of noise from the document image is an utmost important step. To make this possible, filtering plays a significant role. Although mean and median filters, the two well-known statistical filtering techniques, are used commonly but sometimes these filters may fail to produce noise-free images or sometimes may introduce distortions on the characters in the form of gulfs or capes. In the work reported here, we have developed a new filtering technique, called Middle of Modal Class (MMC), for smoothing the input images. This filtering technique is applicable for both the noisy and noise free text document image at the same time. We have also compared our results with mean and median filters, and have achieved better result.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE INDEPENDENT ROBUST SKEW DETECTION AND CORRECTION TECHNIQUE FOR DOCUMENT IMAGES

2012 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Neha. N
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Document Image ◽  
Document Images ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Skew Detection ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Correction Technique ◽  
All Optical

Document image processing is an increasingly important technology essential in all optical character recognition (OCR) systems and for automation of various office documents. A document originally has zero-skew (tilt), but when a page is scanned or photo copied, skew may be introduced due to various factors and is practically unavoidable. Presence even a small amount of skew (0.50) will have detrimental effects on document analysis as it has a direct effect on the reliability and efficiency of segmentation, recognition and feature extraction stages. Therefore removal of skew is of paramount importance in the field of document analysis and OCR and is the first step to be accomplished. This paper presents a novel technique for skew detection and correction which is both language and content independent. The proposed technique is based on the maximum density of the foreground pixels and their orientation in the document image. Unlike other conventional algorithms which work only for machine printed textual documents scripted in English, this technique works well for all kinds of document images (machine printed, hand written, complex, noisy and simple). The technique presented here is tested with 150 different document image samples and is found to provide results with an accuracy of 0.10

scholarly journals Voting-Based Document Image Skew Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2236
Author(s):  
Costin-Anton Boiangiu ◽  
Ovidiu-Alexandru Dinu ◽  
Cornel Popescu ◽  
Nicolae Constantin ◽  
Cătălin Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Document Image ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Skew Angle ◽  
Skew Detection ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Technology Users ◽  
Image Page

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is an indispensable tool for technology users nowadays, as our natural language is presented through text. We live under the need of having information at hand in every circumstance and, at the same time, having machines understand visual content and thus enable the user to be able to search through large quantities of text. To detect textual information and page layout in an image page, the latter must be properly oriented. This is the problem of the so-called document deskew, i.e., finding the skew angle and rotating by its opposite. This paper presents an original approach which combines various algorithms that solve the skew detection problem, with the purpose of always having at least one to compensate for the others’ shortcomings, so that any type of input document can be processed with good precision and solid confidence in the output result. The tests performed proved that the proposed solution is very robust and accurate, thus being suitable for large scale digitization projects.

Kurzweil Reading Machine: A Partial Evaluation of Its Optical Character Recognition Error Rate

1979 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 389-399
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Goodrich ◽  
Richard R. Bennett ◽  
William R. De L'aune ◽  
Harvey Lauer ◽  
Leonard Mowinski
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Partial Evaluation ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Recognition Error ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
High Level

This study was designed to assess the Kurzweil Reading Machine's ability to read three different type styles produced by five different means. The results indicate that the Kurzweil Reading Machines tested have different error rates depending upon the means of producing the copy and upon the type style used; there was a significant interaction between copy method and type style. The interaction indicates that some type styles are better read when the copy is made by one means rather than another. Error rates varied between less than one percent and more than twenty percent. In general, the user will find that high quality printed materials will be read with a relatively high level of accuracy, but as the quality of the material decreases, the number of errors made by the machine also increases. As this error rate increases, the user will find it increasingly difficult to understand the spoken output.

scholarly journals Development of the documents comparison module for an electronic document management system

2019 ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
M A Mikheev ◽  
P Y Yakimov
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Electronic Document ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Text Document ◽  
Document Management System ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Electronic Document Management ◽  
Scanned Image

The article is devoted to solving the problem of document versions comparison in electronic document management systems. Systems-analogues were considered, the process of comparing text documents was studied. In order to recognize the text on the scanned image, the technology of optical character recognition and its implementation — Tesseract library were chosen. The Myers algorithm is applied to compare received texts. The software implementation of the text document comparison module was implemented using the solutions described above.

Optical Character Recognition of Indian Language Manuscripts using Convolutional Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 894-911
Author(s):  
Bhavesh Kataria, Dr. Harikrishna B. Jethva
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Indian Language ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Text Document ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

India's constitution has 22 languages written in 17 different scripts. These materials have a limited lifespan, and as generations pass, these materials deteriorate, and the vital knowledge is lost. This work uses digital texts to convey information to future generations. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) helps extract information from scanned manuscripts (printed text). This paper proposes a simple and effective solution of optical character recognition (OCR) Sanskrit Character from text document images using long short-term memory (LSTM) and neural networks of Sanskrit Characters. Existing methods focuses only upon the single touching characters. But our main focus is to design a robust method using Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) architecture for overlapping lines, touching characters in middle and upper zone and half character which would increase the accuracy of the present OCR system for recognition of poorly maintained Sanskrit literature.

Word-Level Script Identification Using Texture Based Features

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-94
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar Singh ◽  
Ram Sarkar ◽  
Mita Nasipuri
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Document Image ◽  
Statistical Significance Testing ◽  
Script Identification ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Histograms Of Oriented Gradients ◽  
Handwritten Text ◽  
Identification Technique

Script identification is an appealing research interest in the field of document image analysis during the last few decades. The accurate recognition of the script is paramount to many post-processing steps such as automated document sorting, machine translation and searching of text written in a particular script in multilingual environment. For automatic processing of such documents through Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, it is necessary to identify different script words of the documents before feeding them to the OCR of individual scripts. In this paper, a robust word-level handwritten script identification technique has been proposed using texture based features to identify the words written in any of the seven popular scripts namely, Bangla, Devanagari, Gurumukhi, Malayalam, Oriya, Telugu, and Roman. The texture based features comprise of a combination of Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Moment invariants. The technique has been tested on 7000 handwritten text words in which each script contributes 1000 words. Based on the identification accuracies and statistical significance testing of seven well-known classifiers, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) has been chosen as the final classifier which is then tested comprehensively using different folds and with different epoch sizes. The overall accuracy of the system is found to be 94.7% using 5-fold cross validation scheme, which is quite impressive considering the complexities and shape variations of the said scripts. This is an extended version of the paper described in (Singh et al., 2014).

Hindi Text Document Classification System Using SVM and Fuzzy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Puri ◽  
Satya Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Document Classification ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Handwritten Documents ◽  
Text Document ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Text Document Classification

In recent years, many information retrieval, character recognition, and feature extraction methodologies in Devanagari and especially in Hindi have been proposed for different domain areas. Due to enormous scanned data availability and to provide an advanced improvement of existing Hindi automated systems beyond optical character recognition, a new idea of Hindi printed and handwritten document classification system using support vector machine and fuzzy logic is introduced. This first pre-processes and then classifies textual imaged documents into predefined categories. With this concept, this article depicts a feasibility study of such systems with the relevance of Hindi, a survey report of statistical measurements of Hindi keywords obtained from different sources, and the inherent challenges found in printed and handwritten documents. The technical reviews are provided and graphically represented to compare many parameters and estimate contents, forms and classifiers used in various existing techniques.

Performance Analysis of Open Source Optical Character Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4267-4275
Author(s):  
Jagadish Kallimani ◽  
Chandrika Prasad ◽  
D. Keerthana ◽  
Manoj J. Shet ◽  
Prasada Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Accurate Result ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Recognition Systems

Optical character recognition is the process of conversion of images of text into machine-encoded text electronically or mechanically. The text on image can be handwritten, typed or printed. Some of the examples of image source can be a picture of a document, a scanned document or a text which is superimposed on an image. Most optical character recognition system does not give a 100% accurate result. This project aims at analyzing the error rate of a few open source optical character recognition systems (Boxoft OCR, ABBY, Tesseract, Free Online OCR etc.) on a set of diverse documents and makes a comparative study of the same. By this, we can study which OCR is the best suited for a document.

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