scholarly journals Observations of Heterospecific Courtship Behaviour in an Isolated Population of Ross’s Gulls (Rhodostethia rosea)

ARCTIC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Maftei ◽  
Shanti E. Davis ◽  
Mark L. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hormonal Development ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection ◽  
Courtship Displays

Heterospecific sexual behaviour is notable because it should be strongly deterred by natural and sexual selection. Here we report observations of both male and female Ross’s Gulls (Rhodostethia rosea) routinely engaging in sexual displays directed towards other species during the breeding season at a small, remote colony in the Canadian High Arctic. We suggest that in small, reproductively isolated populations, directing stereotyped courtship displays towards heterospecific partners may allow individuals to advertise fitness and experience to both male and female conspecifics and also accelerate hormonal development and readiness to mate during the brief and unpredictable High Arctic breeding season.

scholarly journals The mating system affects the temperature sensitivity of male and female fertility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Baur ◽  
Dorian Jagusch ◽  
Piotr Michalak ◽  
Mareike Koppik ◽  
David Berger
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

1. To mitigate effects of climate change it is important to understand species responses to increasing temperatures. This has often been done by studying survival or activity at temperature extremes. Before such extremes are reached, however, effects on fertility may already be apparent. 2. Sex differences in the thermal sensitivity of fertility (TSF) could impact species persistence under climate warming because female fertility is typically more limiting to population growth than male fertility. However, little is known about sex differences in TSF. 3. Here we first demonstrate that the mating system can strongly influence TSF using the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We exposed populations carrying artificially induced mutations to two generations of short-term experimental evolution under alternative mating systems, manipulating the opportunity for natural and sexual selection on the mutations. We then measured TSF in males and females subjected to juvenile or adult heat stress. 4. Populations kept under natural and sexual selection had higher fitness, but similar TSF, compared to control populations kept under relaxed selection. However, females had higher TSF than males, and strikingly, this sex difference had increased over only two generations in populations evolving under sexual selection. 5. We hypothesized that an increase in male-induced harm to females during mating had played a central role in driving this evolved sex difference, and indeed, remating under conditions limiting male harassment of females reduced both male and female TSF. Moreover, we show that manipulation of mating system parameters in C. maculatus generates intraspecific variation in the sex difference in TSF equal to that found among a diverse set of studies on insects. 6. Our study provides a causal link between the mating system and TSF. Sexual conflict, (re)mating rates, and genetic responses to sexual selection differ among ecological settings, mating systems and species. Our study therefore also provides mechanistic understanding for the variability in previously reported TSFs which can inform future experimental assays and predictions of species responses to climate warming.

Structural variation in the songs of Atlantic walruses breeding in the Canadian High Arctic

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becky Sjare ◽  
Ian Stirling ◽  
Cheryl Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Canadian High Arctic

In situ optical and microphysical properties of tropospheric aerosols in the Canadian High Arctic from 2016 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 118254
Author(s):  
Andy Vicente-Luis ◽  
Samantha Tremblay ◽  
Joelle Dionne ◽  
Rachel Y.-W. Chang ◽  
Pierre F. Fogal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosols

scholarly journals Effect of Self-reported Height on Occupational Rank Among Police Officers: Especially for Women it Pays to be Tall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham P. Buunk ◽  
Gert Stulp ◽  
Wilmar B. Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Similar Percentage ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Female Police Officers

AbstractThis study among 725 male and 247 female police officers from The Netherlands examined the association between self-reported height and occupational rank from the perspective of sexual selection. Male and female police officers were taller than the average population. A larger percentage of women than of men was found in the lowest ranks, but in the leadership positions, there was a similar percentage of women as of men. Overall, but especially among women, height was linearly associated with occupational rank: the taller one was, the higher one’s rank. These effects were independent of educational level and age. The implications for evolutionary theorizing from the perspective of sexual selection on the effect of tallness on status and dominance among women are discussed.

scholarly journals Climate Change Drives Widespread and Rapid Thermokarst Development in Very Cold Permafrost in the Canadian High Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 6681-6689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Farquharson ◽  
Vladimir E. Romanovsky ◽  
William L. Cable ◽  
Donald A. Walker ◽  
Steven V. Kokelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Canadian High Arctic
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