Hormonal Regulation of Normal Voice Production in Adolescence, a Review

Voice production is discussed based on the hormonal regulation of adolescence. The reason for the overview is that voice production is an integrated part of pathology-in many multi-handicapped cases, voice production is extremely important. In a search made by the Royal English Society of Medicine only few studies of adolescence included voice production, so we supplemented the overview with references from other trials. Testosterone is related to the lowering of voice in males, and oestradiol to the change in females. The interesting prediction function of serum hormone binding globulin (SHBG), for change in the fundamental frequency (F0 ) during reading in adolescence, is elucidated. Not only the lowering of the F0 but also a widening of the frequencies used during speech is seen. The lowest tone (in the voice profiles) is related to the hormonal development. Other androgens and oestrogens are discussed. The hormonal development of voice production is regulated from the hypothalamus probably related to growth hormone. Input is made mainly from the posterior superior temporal gyrus, insula, and the supplementary motor area to the primitive integrative vocalisation centre in the motor cortex. All these findings are important in the future, using advanced voice analysis and artificial intelligence methods to understand pathology.

INITIAL STUDY OF LINGUISTIC; VERBAL AND NONVERBAL SIGN OF ATTEMPTED SUICIDE AMONG ADOLESCENTS

Increasing number of suicide cases, especially in adolescents, becomes problems that require serious treatment. Adolescence is a period of transition and hormonal development that can affect the emotions or mood. It is known that before attempting suicide, there are signs of language or linguistic such as verbal and nonverbal as an indication of the suicidal behavior action. This systematic review aims to identify these signs based on the results of several studies. There were 12 articles that have reviewed, the results showed there are three aspect that can be identified: used language from the suicider; perception of suicider toward the behaviour; and observerd behaviours. Most of the suicider express the feeling of Hopeless, Self-balming, feeling depressed and lonely, and also withdraw from society. It is expectedthat the result can be used as basic data toindentify signs and symptoms of suicide in adolescents. Keywords: observed behaviors, suicide language; emotional expression

Observations of Heterospecific Courtship Behaviour in an Isolated Population of Ross’s Gulls (Rhodostethia rosea)

Heterospecific sexual behaviour is notable because it should be strongly deterred by natural and sexual selection. Here we report observations of both male and female Ross’s Gulls (Rhodostethia rosea) routinely engaging in sexual displays directed towards other species during the breeding season at a small, remote colony in the Canadian High Arctic. We suggest that in small, reproductively isolated populations, directing stereotyped courtship displays towards heterospecific partners may allow individuals to advertise fitness and experience to both male and female conspecifics and also accelerate hormonal development and readiness to mate during the brief and unpredictable High Arctic breeding season.

Marijuana: A Continuing Concern for Pediatricians

1. Marijuana use continues to be widespread among adolescents. 2. The seriousness of the behavioral consequences of marijuana use is sufficient to cause great concern and prompt the pediatrician to counsel young people against any use of the drug. Such counsel should be based on health concerns, including the relationship of marijuana use to both trauma associated with intoxication and the impact on memory and learning. Additional reasons for concern, and hence counsel, include anxieties and uncertainties regarding the potential harm that marijuana use may cause to adolescents undergoing hormonal development, possible teratogenicity, and the known consequences of chronic use. 3. A psychosocial and medical assessment for drug use, including use of marijuana, should be a routine part of health maintenance for every young person. Performing such assessments gives the pediatrician the opportunity to offer anticipatory guidance prior to the onset of drug use behavior, to intervene and minimize consequences if drug use has been initiated, and to detect and address issues of chronic or heavy use.

The Effect of The Touché Therapy On The Anthropometry for Infants In Working Area Service of The PublicHealthCenterPesantren I Kediri.

The hindrance of infant development is caused by unbearable environmental factor. From year to year, it has been recorded that the infant natal figure is still high, including the natal figure in Kediri – City. Since the high infant natal figure and the infant age as the potential period for development, therefore, it should be optimally cared the development for infant, one of them is done by touché therapy. The objective of the research is to prove that there is a difference between infant cared with anthropometry therapy using touché therapy in working area service of the Public Health Center Pesantren I Kediri. The research plan uses the Randomized Control Trial, the collecting sampling technique uses Total Sampling, and the total sample is 20 infant. Variable research is touché therapy (independent variable) and infant anthropometry (variable dependent). From the result of processing data of anthropometry by using ANOVA test and T test on dependent sample, it can be obtained the significant improvement on the height of the infant (for the treatment group on the 4th week observation, the control group on the 5th week observation and the control group on the 6th week observation). No significant improvement for the head circle of the infant for the treatment control group. The significant improvement on the height is caused by the secretion of Neuro-chemical beta-endorphin the result of the touché therapy treatment, and later it can cause the discretion of hormonal development. The significant improvement on the weight is caused by the stimulus of the nervous vagus that can increase the level of gastric and insulin absorption enzyme. No significant improvement on the head circle of the infantfor the treatment and control groups is caused by the very slow development of the brain cell.; key words: Touché therapy, Anthropometry