scholarly journals Type and Potential Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Coastal Area of Tarakan City, North Borneo, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Ratno Achyani ◽  
Dietriech G Bengen ◽  
Tri Prartono ◽  
Etty Riani ◽  
Abdullah Hisam Bin Omar
Keyword(s):  
Fused Silica ◽  
Quadrupole Mass ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Carcinogenic Agents ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Brackish Pond ◽  
River Site ◽  
Very High

PAHs are mutagenic and carcinogenic agents that influence the coastal water of Tarakan City. This study aims to determine the concentration, type, and distribution of PAHs in waters and sediments of rivers, seawater, and brackish ponds, and their potential sources. Fourteen samples of water and sediment from selected stations obtained 14 types of PAHs priority (USEPA). Analysis using GC-MS Type Thermo Trace 1310 single quadrupole Mass Spectrometer, using Coulum melting silica column (coulumn fused silica) DB5 MS with a length of 30 m, a diameter of 0.32 mm inline. The concentration in sediments at river locations ranges from 0.72-352.84, between 1.23-606.74 in the sea, and brackish ponds 0.08-2858.88 ng.g-1. On the waters ranged from 42.46-160.25 µg.L-1, in the sea 7.95-167.55 µg.L-1 and ponds 7.63-151.60 µg.L-1. The concentration level in rivers and seas is small and in the ponds is small-very high. The concentration on water at the river site was observed to increase from upstream to downstream. Meanwhile in sediment was higher in the upstream decreased towards the middle of river and increased in downstream/estuary area. The concentration in the Tarakan coastal environment signifies the potential hazards to the environment. Components Nap, Fla, Pyr, Chr, and BaP are types that are often identified. Furthermore, two, four and five rings of PAHs were shown to dominate in water and sediment, with the major rings present in both river and brackish pond. The PAHs were both petrogenic and pyrolytic sources from land base sources that were possibly derived from the Pamusian river.

Deposition of Thin Films of Silicon Carbide on Fused Quartz and on Sapphire by Laser Ablation of Ceramic Silicon Carbide Targets

1992 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rimai ◽  
R. Ager ◽  
J. Hangas ◽  
E. M. Loaothetis ◽  
Nayef Abu-ageel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Fused Quartz ◽  
Amorphous Sic ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTAblation of ceramic silicon carbide with 351 nm excimer radiation was used to depositSIC films on fused silica and on sapphire. For deposition temperatures above 850° C, diffraction shows the films to be crystalline with the [111] axis preferentially oriented normally to the film. Optical spectra show an indirect energy gap at 2.2 eV, near that for the cubic polytype, although the 200 diffractions are absent. Room temperature resistivities range between .02 to .1 Ωcm. Deposition below 600° C yields amorphous SiC with no diffraction bands, low and variable optical band gap and very high resistivity.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment Collected along the Harbour Line, Mumbai, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dhananjayan ◽  
S. Muralidharan ◽  
Vinny R. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

This study investigated the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment samples collected along the harbour line, Mumbai, India. The ∑PAHs quantified in water and sediment samples were ranged from 8.66 ng/L to 46.74 ng/L and from 2608 ng/g to 134134 ng/g dry wt., respectively. Significantly high concentration of ∑PAHs was found in water samples of Sewri and sediment samples of Mahul (P<0.05). PAH concentrations detected in the present study were several folds higher than the existing sediment quality criteria suggested by various statutory agencies. The PAH composition patterns in water and sediments suggest the dominance of high molecular weight compounds and indicate important pyrolytic and petrogenic sources. The occurrence of PAHs in the marine environment has attracted the attention of the scientific community as these compounds are frequently detected in seawater and sediments at increasing levels and can have adverse health effects on marine organisms and humans. PAH concentrations detected at Sewri-Mahul site were sufficiently high to pose a risk to marine organisms if they are exposed continuously to this concentration. Hence, continuous monitoring of the ecosystem is highly warranted.

Fused silica segments: a possible solution for x-ray telescopes with very high angular resolution like Lynx/XRS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Salmaso ◽  
Stefano Basso ◽  
Marta M. Civitani ◽  
Mauro Ghigo ◽  
Joanna Holyszko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Very High

Biodynamic modelling of the bioaccumulation of arsenic by the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Rainbow ◽  
B. D. Smith ◽  
M. C. Casado-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Efflux Rate ◽  
Nereis Diversicolor ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Uptake Rate Constant ◽  
Deposit Feeding ◽  
Context Models ◽  
Very High

Environmental context Models that explain the uptake and bioaccumulation of an element in an aquatic ecosystem are valuable for predicting its potential ecotoxicity in coastal areas. Arsenic is a toxic element that is strongly adsorbed to sediments, offering a potential risk to deposit-feeding invertebrates, and ultimately to consumers higher up coastal food chains. This study uses biodynamic modelling to predict the uptake and accumulation of arsenic from water and sediment in a deposit-feeding polychaete worm that is a major source of food to fish and wading birds in estuaries. Abstract Arsenic (AsV) uptake and bioaccumulation from water and ingested sediment by the deposit-feeding polychaete Nereis diversicolor has been investigated using biodynamic modelling. Worms accumulated As from solution linearly at dissolved concentrations from 2 to 20 µg L–1 (uptake rate constant 0.057 l g–1 day–1 at 10°C, 16-psu salinity), and the As assimilation efficiency from ingested sediment was 28.9%. Efflux rate constants of As taken up from water and ingested sediment were 0.0488 and 0.0464 day–1 and did not differ significantly. Sediment As concentrations, ranging from very high to low, were measured at eight estuarine sites, and the model predicted accumulated As concentrations in resident N. diversicolor. Comparisons of predicted against independently measured As concentrations in locally collected worms showed that the model generally performed well, highlighting the potential of biodynamic modelling in predicting the uptake and therefore ecotoxicity of As in estuarine sediments.

Results from a 15-year study on hydrocarbon concentrations in water and sediment from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia C. Bícego ◽  
Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo ◽  
Satie Taniguchi ◽  
César C. Martins ◽  
Denis A.M. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Research Station ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Admiralty Bay ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

AbstractAdmiralty Bay on the King George Island hosts the Brazilian, Polish and Peruvian research stations as well as the American and Ecuadorian field stations. Human activities in this region require the use of fossil fuels as an energy source, thereby placing the region at risk of hydrocarbon contamination. Hydrocarbon monitoring was conducted on water and sediment samples from the bay over 15 years. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the analysis of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater samples and gas chromatography with flame ionization and/or mass spectrometric detection was used to analyse individual n-alkanes and PAHs in sediment samples. The results revealed that most sites contaminated by these compounds are around the Brazilian and Polish research stations due to the intense human activities, mainly during the summer. Moreover, the sediments revealed the presence of hydrocarbons from different sources, suggesting a mixture of the direct input of oil or derivatives and derived from hydrocarbon combustion. A decrease in PAH concentrations occurred following improvement of the sewage treatment facilities at the Brazilian research station, indicating that the contribution from human waste may be significant.

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